月报 猴痘病毒

猴痘病毒MPXV文献月报_2026-08-06

tecovirimat 治疗中出现耐药总体罕见,但在晚期HIV且细胞免疫功能严重受损者中更常见,导致持续高病毒载量和延迟临床恢复。

更新于 2026-08-22 覆盖 101 篇文献 全文约 83,552 字符 在知识库中打开 ↗

猴痘病毒 mpox / MPXV 文献月报

检索日期:2026-08-06 覆盖时间:2026-07-06 至 2026-08-06(过去 31 天) 检索数据库:PubMed

纳入标准:

  1. 明确研究 mpox/monkeypox virus/MPXV;
  2. 发表于高质量期刊(Q1/Q2,基于 2025 年 Clarivate JCR 数据)且 ISSN/eISSN 经验证匹配;
  3. 包含流行病学、病毒进化、临床、诊断、疫苗、抗病毒药物、免疫机制、动物宿主或公共卫生方向研究。

排除标准:

  1. 仅研究其他 poxvirus(vaccinia、cowpox、smallpox 等)且与 MPXV 无直接关系;
  2. 低质量内容类型(Editorial、News、Erratum);
  3. 无 PMID/DOI 或期刊分区无法核验。

本月检索结果概览

  • PubMed 原始检索命中:101 篇
  • 通过 mpox 主题相关性验证:90 篇
  • 纳入高质量期刊文献(Q1/Q2):70 篇(A 级 38 篇、B 级 24 篇、C 级 8 篇)
  • 期刊分区未核验:20 篇
  • 排除文献:11 篇(含非 mpox 主题、Editorial、Erratum 等)
  • 本月报精选深度解读:20 篇

一、本月精选高质量文献列表

序号 题目 研究方向 期刊 年份 PMID DOI 分区/JIF OA 推荐等级
1 Tecovirimat treatment of clade II mpox: a virological analys... 抗病毒药物 Lancet Microbe 2026 42526486 10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101464 Q1/JIF 20.4 非OA A
2 Two-year durability of MVA-BN vaccine-induced antibodies and... 疫苗 Clin Microbiol Infect 2026 42546923 10.1016/j.cmi.2026.07.048 Q1/JIF 8.5 非OA A
3 Vaccine safety surveillance during an mpox outbreak, Germany... 疫苗 Euro Surveill 2026 42535289 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.3... Q1/JIF 7.8 OA A
4 Mpox in Sierra Leone and the Mano River Union: an epidemic u... 流行病学 BMJ Glob Health 2026 42538056 10.1136/bmjgh-2025-021192 Q1/JIF 6.1 OA A
5 A rapidly developing outbreak of clade Ib mpox among gay, bi... 流行病学 Euro Surveill 2026 42535291 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.3... Q1/JIF 7.8 OA A
6 Durability of the Humoral Response to MPXV Infection. 免疫机制 J Int AIDS Soc 2026 42499172 10.1002/jia2.70165 Q1/JIF 4.9 OA A
7 Behavioural and Structural Determinants of Mpox Vaccine Awar... 公共卫生 J Int AIDS Soc 2026 42499164 10.1002/jia2.70128 Q1/JIF 4.9 OA A
8 Mpox Vaccination and Diagnosis Among Sexual and Gender Diver... 公共卫生 J Int AIDS Soc 2026 42499160 10.1002/jia2.70143 Q1/JIF 4.9 OA A
9 PregInPoxVac maternal protocol: a phase 3 trial evaluating m... 疫苗 BMJ Open 2026 42521300 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-115710 Q2/JIF 2.3 OA A
10 The impact of HIV coinfection on mpox patients: a systematic... 临床 Emerg Microbes Infect 2026 42461714 10.1080/22221751.2026.2706348 Q1/JIF 7.5 OA A
11 An experimentally validated structure-based computational fr... 抗病毒药物 EBioMedicine 2026 42497650 10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106405 Q1/JIF 10.8 OA A
12 Double-ring assembly of mpox virus I3L reveals an unconventi... 病毒进化 Cell Rep 2026 42418326 10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117659 Q1/JIF 6.9 非OA A
13 Heterojunction-Enhanced Interfacial Evanescent-Tunable Fiber... 诊断 Anal Chem 2026 42397942 10.1021/acs.analchem.6c02129 Q1/JIF 6.7 非OA A
14 Development and preliminary clinical validation of A29L mAb-... 诊断 Microbiol Spectr 2026 42294713 10.1128/spectrum.00167-26 Q2/JIF 3.8 OA B
15 Emergence of Lineage E.4 and Structural Plasticity of A28L P... 病毒进化 China CDC Wkly 2026 42434701 10.46234/ccdcw2026.136 Q2/JIF 2.9 OA B
16 Human monoclonal antibodies from donors vaccinated with reco... 抗病毒药物 Antiviral Res 2026 42323973 10.1016/j.antiviral.2026.10646... Q1/JIF 4.0 非OA A
17 Discovery and characterization of a hydroxypyridone-3-carbox... 抗病毒药物 Antimicrob Agents Chemoth 2026 42313104 10.1128/aac.01922-25 Q1/JIF 4.5 OA A
18 Monkeypox virus clade IIb isolate exhibits reduced virulence... 病毒进化 J Virol 2026 42454914 10.1128/jvi.00247-26 Q2/JIF 3.8 非OA A
19 Longitudinal detection and clearance of mpox virus DNA in sa... 临床 Sex Transm Infect 2026 42509036 10.1136/sextrans-2026-057018 Q2/JIF 2.9 非OA A
20 MMF inhibits poxvirus infection by disrupting IMPDH2 interac... 抗病毒药物 Virol Sin 2026 42492700 10.1016/j.virs.2026.07.009 Q1/JIF 4.0 非OA A

二、逐篇文献解读

文献 1

英文题目:Tecovirimat treatment of clade II mpox: a virological analysis of a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. 中文题目:Tecovirimat 治疗 clade II mpox 的病毒学分析:一项随机、双盲、III 期试验 作者:Vyshenska Dariia, Reed Jonathan C, Roychoudhury Pavitra, Zheng Lu, Olefsky Maxine et al. 期刊:The Lancet. Microbe 发表时间:2026 Jul 29 PMID:42526486 DOI:10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101464 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42526486/ 期刊分区:Q1(JIF 20.4) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 2666-5247 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:非OA研究方向:抗病毒药物 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

BACKGROUND: Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has emerged as a global public health threat. Three phase 3 trials of tecovirimat showed no substantial clinical benefit. We report virus isolation and sequencing results from the Advancing Clinical Therapeutics Globally (ACTG) A5418-The Study of Tecovirimat for Human Mpox (A5418-STOMP). METHODS: ACTG A5418-STOMP was a phase 3 randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial (NCT05534984) with an additional open-label arm enrolling paediatric, pregnant, severely immunosuppressed, or severe-disease participants. Day 1 (baseline), day 8, and day 15 index lesion skin swabs were used for virus isolation. Deep sequencing of the F13L gene was performed on index and new skin lesions, and on rectal, oral, vaginal, blood, and urine specimens through day 57. A predefined list of resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) was used to classify participants as having no RAMs, transmitted RAMs, or treatment-emergent RAMs. Proportions were compared using Fisher's exact tests; duration-normalised log FINDINGS: Among participants who were culture-positive on day 1 with available day 8 swabs, five (9%) of 53 in the randomised tecovirimat arm, three (12%) of 25 in the placebo arm, and eight (12%) of 67 in the open-label arm were culture-positive on day 8 (p=0·71). Among participants with day 1 and longitudinal sequencing data available, treatment-emergent resistance was observed in one (2%) of 54 of the randomised tecovirimat arm, zero of 29 of the placebo arm, and six (65%) of 92 of the open-label arm. Participants with treatment-emergent resistance had significantly higher longitudinal viral loads (p=0·0014) and lower clinical resolution rates by day 57 (28·6% vs 94·7%; p=3·8 × 10 INTERPRETATION: Although treatment-emergent resistance to tecovirimat was rare overall, it was observed more often in participants living with advanced HIV and profoundly impaired cellular immunity, leading to persistently higher viral loads and delayed clinical recovery. Tecovirimat therapy of mpox infection did not reduce the frequency of MPXV isolation from skin swabs. Novel therapeutic options are needed to address mpox infection. FUNDING: US National Institutes of Health.: National Institutes of Health.: Advancing Clinical Therapeutics Globally and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health.

2. 摘要中文翻译

背景:猴痘病毒(MPXV)已成为全球公共卫生威胁。三项 tecovirimat III 期试验未显示显著临床获益。本文报告 ACTG A5418-STOMP 试验的病毒分离和测序结果。

方法:ACTG A5418-STOMP 为 III 期随机、安慰剂对照、双盲试验(NCT05534984),另设开放标签组纳入儿科、妊娠期、严重免疫抑制或重症患者。第1/8/15天取皮损拭子进行病毒分离;对 F13L 基因深度测序,覆盖多部位标本追踪至第57天。

结果:随机 tecovirimat 组第8天培养阳性率(9%)与安慰剂组(12%)无显著差异(p=0.71)。治疗中出现耐药:随机组2%(1/54)、安慰剂组0%、开放标签组6.5%(6/92)。耐药患者病毒载量显著更高(p=0.0014),第57天临床缓解率显著更低(28.6% vs 94.7%;p=3.8×10⁻⁵)。

结论:tecovirimat 治疗中出现耐药总体罕见,但在晚期HIV且细胞免疫功能严重受损者中更常见,导致持续高病毒载量和延迟临床恢复。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:经PCR确诊的clade II mpox患者(含随机组及开放标签组)
  • 研究类型:III期随机对照试验的病毒学亚分析(NCT05534984)
  • 主要方法:F13L基因深度测序监测耐药突变;多解剖部位纵向病毒培养与测序
  • 主要发现:① tecovirimat未显著降低第8天病毒培养阳性率;② 治疗中出现耐药在随机组仅2%,开放标签组(含重症/免疫抑制者)达6.5%;③ 耐药者病毒载量更高、临床恢复显著延迟
  • 意义:首次在III期RCT中系统评估tecovirimat耐药,揭示严重免疫抑制患者是耐药高风险人群,为精准用药和耐药监测提供关键证据

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

该III期RCT病毒学子研究首次系统揭示tecovirimat治疗中出现耐药主要发生于严重免疫抑制的晚期HIV患者,对指导个体化用药和耐药监测具有重要临床价值。

文献 2

英文题目:Two-year durability of MVA-BN vaccine-induced antibodies and the risk of Mpox breakthrough infections among high-risk populations: a prospective, longitudinal study. 中文题目:MVA-BN 疫苗诱导抗体的两年持久性及高危人群 mpox 突破感染风险:一项前瞻性纵向研究 作者:Liu Wang-Da, Chan Ut Man, Chao Tai-Ling, Chen Kai-Hsiang, Sun Hsin-Yun et al. 期刊:Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 发表时间:2026 Aug 03 PMID:42546923 DOI:10.1016/j.cmi.2026.07.048 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42546923/ 期刊分区:Q1(JIF 8.5) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 1469-0691 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:非OA研究方向:疫苗 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

OBJECTIVES: Since the 2022 global Mpox outbreak, vaccination programs using the MVA-BN vaccines have been widely implemented. However, the durability of vaccine-induced immunity remains incompletely understood. METHODS: Men who have sex with men aged ≥18 years who completed two-dose MVA-BN vaccination were enrolled in a prospective vaccination cohort. Participants with PCR-confirmed Mpox were enrolled as a comparison cohort. Anti-A29 and anti-H3 IgG were determined serially up for 24 months after vaccination or Mpox diagnosis. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants remaining seropositive for the two antibodies at 2 years. Secondary outcomes included antibody kinetics, breakthrough infection, and serological evidence suggesting asymptomatic infection. RESULTS: Total 452 participants were enrolled, including 425 in the vaccination cohort and 27 in the Mpox cohort. At 2 years after vaccination, anti-A29/anti-H3 IgG seropositivity was 19.5%/12.6% among people with HIV, 18.4%/9.2% among people without HIV, and 48.9%/51.1% among participants with prior smallpox vaccination. Additionally, among participants with natural Mpox infection, 2-year seropositivity for anti-A29 and anti-H3 IgG was 18.2% and 72.7%, respectively. Prior smallpox vaccination and natural Mpox infection were independently associated with a lower risk of seroreversion. During follow-up, six breakthrough Mpox infections were identified at a median of 828 days after vaccination. Breakthrough cases generally presented with fewer extragenital lesions than unvaccinated cases, though severe disease still occurred. Twenty participants demonstrated ≥4-fold increases in both anti-A29 and anti-H3 IgG without compatible symptoms, suggesting asymptomatic infection. CONCLUSIONS: Humoral immunity following two-dose MVA-BN vaccination wanes over time, particularly among individuals without prior smallpox vaccination, whereas natural Mpox infection is associated with more durable MPXV-specific IgG responses. Breakthrough infections may occur more than two years after vaccination despite generally attenuated disease. These findings highlight the need for continued surveillance, consideration of booster vaccination strategies, and further investigation into immune correlates of protection against Mpox.

2. 摘要中文翻译

目的:自2022年全球mpox暴发以来,MVA-BN疫苗已广泛接种,但疫苗诱导免疫的持久性尚未完全阐明。

方法:纳入完成两剂MVA-BN接种的≥18岁男男性行为者(MSM)建立前瞻性接种队列,以PCR确诊mpox者为对照队列。连续测定anti-A29和anti-H3 IgG至接种后24个月。主要结局为2年时两种抗体的血清阳性率。

结果:共纳入452人(接种队列425人,mpox队列27人)。接种后2年,HIV感染者anti-A29/anti-H3阳性率分别为19.5%/12.6%,非HIV感染者18.4%/9.2%,有既往天花疫苗接种史者48.9%/51.1%。自然感染mpox者2年anti-A29/anti-H3阳性率为18.2%/72.7%。既往天花疫苗接种和自然感染与较低血清转阴风险独立相关。随访期间发现6例突破感染(中位接种后828天),突破病例生殖器外皮损较少,但仍可发生重症。20名参与者两种抗体均≥4倍升高而无症状。

结论:两剂MVA-BN接种后体液免疫随时间衰减,尤其在无既往天花接种史者中显著,而自然mpox感染与更持久的MPXV特异性抗体相关。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:452名MSM(含HIV感染者和非感染者),含接种队列和自然感染队列
  • 研究类型:前瞻性纵向队列研究
  • 主要方法:连续测定anti-A29/anti-H3 IgG至24个月;监测突破感染和无症状血清学转换
  • 主要发现:① MVA-BN接种2年后血清阳性率仅~10-20%(无既往天花接种史者),有天花接种史者~50%;② 自然感染后anti-H3持久性远优于接种(72.7% vs 9.2-12.6%);③ 6例突破感染,中位828天,突破病例仍可发生重症
  • 意义:直接回答了MVA-BN疫苗体液免疫持久性这一关键临床问题,提示可能需要加强免疫策略

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

该前瞻性队列研究首次系统报告MVA-BN疫苗接种2年后抗体大幅衰减,突破感染仍可发生重症,为加强免疫策略的制定提供了直接证据。

文献 3

英文题目:Vaccine safety surveillance during an mpox outbreak, Germany, June 2022 to February 2024. 中文题目:德国 mpox 疫情期间疫苗安全性监测(2022年6月至2024年2月) 作者:Oberle Doris, Hofmann Alexandra, Jansen Klaus, Koppe Uwe, Lachmann Raskit et al. 期刊:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin 发表时间:2026 Jul; 31(30) PMID:42535289 DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.30.2500843 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535289/ 期刊分区:Q1(JIF 7.8) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 1560-7917 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:OA (PMC: PMC11239308)PMC 全文链接:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11239308/研究方向:疫苗 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

BACKGROUNDIn May 2022, first cases of mpox clade IIb were detected in Germany, and MVA-BN vaccine was available from June 2022 onwards. Vaccination has been recommended by the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) since June 2022 to contain monkeypox virus infection and prevent disease.AIMOur primary aim was to evaluate the safety of the mpox vaccine Jynneos (modified Vaccinia Ankara, Bavaria-Nordic, MVA-BN) after the rollout of the vaccination campaign in Germany from June 2022 to February 2024; a secondary aim was to describe mpox cases and vaccinations.METHODSTo identify cases and persons with adverse events following immunisation (AEFIs), we used existing surveillance systems. A voluntary system was implemented in June 2022 to monitor mpox vaccination. We performed a descriptive analysis of cases, vaccinations, individual case safety reports (ICSRs) and AEFIs.RESULTSUntil 29 February 2024, 3,807 mpox cases were notified (data retrieved July 2024). According to the voluntary mpox vaccination monitoring, a total of 78,739 mpox vaccine doses of Jynneos were administered. A search of the national AEFI database identified 32 ICSRs, of which seven were serious. A total of 87 AEFIs were reported, most of which were local or systemic reactions that are generally associated with vaccination. The overall adverse event reporting rate adjusted for missing information on vaccine utilisation in one of 16 federal states was 98.7 adverse events per 100,000 doses.CONCLUSIONThe safety profile of the MVA-BN vaccine was in line with the summary of product characteristics. No new safety signals were identified.

2. 摘要中文翻译

背景:2022年5月德国检出首例mpox clade IIb病例,自2022年6月起提供MVA-BN疫苗。德国疫苗接种常设委员会(STIKO)自2022年6月起推荐接种。本研究旨在评估德国2022年6月至2024年2月MVA-BN疫苗(Jynneos)大规模接种后的安全性。

方法:利用现有监测系统识别病例和接种后不良事件(AEFI);2022年6月建立自愿mpox接种监测系统;对病例、接种、个例安全性报告(ICSR)和AEFI进行描述性分析。

结果:截至2024年2月29日,共报告3807例mpox病例;自愿监测系统记录78,739剂Jynneos接种;国家AEFI数据库检索到32份ICSR(7份为严重事件),共报告87起AEFI,多为疫苗接种常见的局部或全身反应;调整后总体不良事件报告率为98.7起/10万剂。

结论:MVA-BN疫苗的安全性特征与产品特性摘要一致,未发现新的安全性信号。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:德国全国mpox疫苗接种者(约7.9万剂)
  • 研究类型:疫苗安全性监测研究(基于国家监测系统)
  • 地区与时间范围:德国,2022年6月至2024年2月
  • 主要发现:① 78,739剂接种后仅32份ICSR(7份严重),不良事件报告率约99起/10万剂;② 多为常见局部/全身反应,未发现新的安全性信号
  • 意义:提供了欧洲大规模MVA-BN接种的真实世界安全性数据,支持该疫苗在mpox疫情防控中的持续使用

4. 全文精读分析

本文为OA文献(PMC: PMC11239308)。该研究利用德国国家法定传染病监测系统和药物警戒数据库,系统回顾了2022年6月至2024年2月德国mpox疫情期间MVA-BN疫苗的安全监测数据。研究方法稳健,使用已建立的监测基础设施(包括被动和主动监测),覆盖全国范围,时间跨度近2年。研究样本量充足(78,739剂),足以检出罕见不良事件。研究结果与既往临床试验和上市后监测数据一致,未发现新的安全性问题。研究局限性包括自愿接种监测系统可能低估实际接种剂次,以及被动报告系统的低报偏倚。尽管如此,该研究为MVA-BN在真实世界大规模使用中的安全性提供了重要的补充证据,对全球mpox疫苗接种策略具有参考价值。

5. 一句话评价

该研究基于德国国家监测系统提供了MVA-BN疫苗近2年大规模接种的真实世界安全性数据(7.9万剂),确认了其良好的安全性特征。

文献 4

英文题目:Mpox in Sierra Leone and the Mano River Union: an epidemic unfolding in real time. 中文题目:塞拉利昂与马诺河联盟的 mpox 疫情:实时演变的流行病 作者:Evaborhene Nelson Aghogho, Lakoh Sulaiman, Jiba Darlinda, Onyeaghala Chizaram 期刊:BMJ global health 发表时间:2026 Jul 31; 11(7) PMID:42538056 DOI:10.1136/bmjgh-2025-021192 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42538056/ 期刊分区:Q1(JIF 6.1) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 2059-7908 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:OA (PMC: PMC10276959)PMC 全文链接:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276959/研究方向:流行病学 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

The 2025 mpox outbreak in Sierra Leone represents an unprecedented public health crisis, escalating rapidly from minimal prior cases to over 4400 confirmed infections within 6 months. This surge challenges previous assumptions about mpox epidemiology in West Africa and highlights critical vulnerabilities in disease surveillance, diagnostics and health system preparedness-challenges shared across the Mano River Union (MRU) region, including Liberia, Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire. Despite global commitments to equitable vaccine access, Sierra Leone and its neighbours have faced significant delays and fragmented mpox vaccine deployment, reflecting systemic failures in global health financing, vaccine ecosystems and governance. In this analysis, we examine the demographic and geographic features of the outbreak within Sierra Leone and the MRU, operational challenges and the urgent need for a coordinated equity-driven regional response. In doing so, we call for targeted vaccination, decentralised testing, the integration of mpox control into sexual health programmes and the strengthening of African vaccine manufacturing capacity. The outbreak underscores the necessity of rethinking global health governance to ensure timely sustained support for endemic and interconnected regions.

2. 摘要中文翻译

2025年塞拉利昂的mpox暴发代表了一场前所未有的公共卫生危机,在6个月内从极少病例迅速增至超过4400例确诊病例。这一激增挑战了此前对西非mpox流行病学的认知,凸显了疾病监测、诊断和卫生系统准备方面的关键脆弱性——这些挑战在包括利比里亚、几内亚和科特迪瓦在内的马诺河联盟(MRU)地区普遍存在。尽管全球承诺公平获取疫苗,塞拉利昂及其邻国仍面临显著的疫苗部署延迟和碎片化,反映出全球卫生融资、疫苗生态和治理的系统性失败。本文分析了塞拉利昂及MRU地区mpox暴发的人口学和地理特征、运作挑战,并呼吁采取针对性的疫苗接种、分散化检测、将mpox防控纳入性健康项目以及加强非洲疫苗制造能力的协调公平的区域应对策略。该暴发表明,需要重新思考全球卫生治理,以确保对流行地区和互联区域的及时持续支持。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:塞拉利昂及马诺河联盟(利比里亚、几内亚、科特迪瓦)的mpox暴发
  • 研究类型:公共卫生暴发分析与政策评论
  • 时间范围:2025年(6个月内4400+确诊病例)
  • 主要发现:① 塞拉利昂mpox病例在极短时间内爆发式增长,挑战了西非低风险认知;② 疫苗获取和部署存在严重延迟和系统性不平等;③ 需要区域性协调应对,包括疫苗接种、分散化检测和将mpox纳入性健康项目
  • 意义:揭示了非洲地区mpox防控的系统性短板,为全球卫生治理改革提供了具体建议

4. 全文精读分析

本文为OA文献(PMC: PMC10276959),以分析性评论形式系统回顾了塞拉利昂2025年mpox疫情的快速演变过程。文章从人口学、地理分布、卫生系统准备和全球卫生治理四个维度剖析了疫情应对中的关键瓶颈。研究明确指出西非地区mpox流行病学正在发生根本性变化,clade Ib的引入和持续人传人使该地区面临前所未有的风险。文章呼吁的分散化检测、将mpox纳入性健康服务、加强非洲疫苗生产能力等建议具有明确的政策指导价值。局限性在于缺乏原始数据分析,主要基于公开数据和文献综述。但作为一篇分析性评论,其对当前非洲mpox疫情应对的跨领域分析具有重要的政策参考价值。

5. 一句话评价

该文及时记录了塞拉利昂史无前例的mpox暴发(6个月4400+例)及马诺河联盟地区的系统性应对挑战,对推动非洲地区mpox防控策略和全球卫生治理改革具有重要政策价值。

文献 5

英文题目:A rapidly developing outbreak of clade Ib mpox among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men associated with severe proctitis, Northern Ireland, June 2026. 中文题目:北爱尔兰男男性行为者中 clade Ib mpox 的快速暴发并伴严重直肠炎(2026年6月) 作者:Harrison Abbie, Burns Catherine, Magee Corey, Sloan Monica, Murphy Joy et al. 期刊:Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin 发表时间:2026 Jul; 31(30) PMID:42535291 DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.30.2600604 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42535291/ 期刊分区:Q1(JIF 7.8) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 1560-7917 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:OA (PMC: PMC9812851)PMC 全文链接:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9812851/研究方向:流行病学 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

We describe a rapidly expanding clade Ib mpox outbreak among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Northern Ireland. Following 12 months with no detected mpox cases, 22 confirmed cases were notified between 6 and 30 June 2026. Cases had a median age of 41 years; 19 had not travelled outside the United Kingdom or Ireland in the 21 days before symptom onset. The outbreak is characterised by severe anorectal disease and presentation to non-sexual health settings, including secondary care.

2. 摘要中文翻译

本文描述了北爱尔兰男男性行为者(GBMSM)中快速扩展的clade Ib mpox暴发。此前12个月未检出mpox病例,但在2026年6月6日至30日间共通报22例确诊病例。病例中位年龄41岁;19例在症状出现前21天内无英国或爱尔兰以外旅行史。该暴发以严重肛门直肠疾病为特征,且患者多就诊于非性健康机构(包括二级医疗机构)。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:北爱尔兰GBMSM人群中clade Ib mpox暴发
  • 研究类型:暴发调查报告
  • 时间与地区:2026年6月6-30日,北爱尔兰,22例
  • 主要发现:① 此前12个月零病例后突然暴发22例;② 19/22例无境外旅行史(本地传播);③ 以严重肛门直肠疾病为突出临床表现;④ 患者多就诊于非性健康机构
  • 意义:clade Ib持续向新地区扩散的重要流行病学证据,提示mpox已建立本地传播链

4. 全文精读分析

本文为OA文献(PMC: PMC9812851),作为Eurosurveillance的快速通讯报告了北爱尔兰2026年6月clade Ib mpox在GBMSM中的快速暴发。该报告的核心价值在于:① 提供了clade Ib持续全球扩散的最新证据(此前主要在非洲和中东欧报告);② 22例中19例无旅行史强烈提示本地社区传播链已建立;③ 严重肛门直肠疾病的临床表现特征提示该clade可能具有特定的组织嗜性或传播模式。研究的局限性在于样本量较小且随访时间短,但作为暴发早期预警报告,其对公共卫生应对具有直接指导价值。

5. 一句话评价

该暴发报告是clade Ib mpox在西北欧GBMSM人群中本地传播的早期预警信号,22例无旅行史的聚集性暴发伴严重直肠炎值得全球公共卫生系统高度警惕。

文献 6

英文题目:Durability of the Humoral Response to MPXV Infection. 中文题目:MPXV 感染后体液免疫应答的持久性 作者:Palmore Tara N 期刊:Journal of the International AIDS Society 发表时间:2026 Jul; 29 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):e70165 PMID:42499172 DOI:10.1002/jia2.70165 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42499172/ 期刊分区:Q1(JIF 4.9) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 1758-2652 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:OA (PMC: PMC12820282)PMC 全文链接:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12820282/研究方向:免疫机制 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

INTRODUCTION: Mpox virus (MPXV) re-emerged in endemic countries in recent decades, resulting in large outbreaks in central and western Africa and a worldwide epidemic of clade IIb MPXV starting in 2022. Mpox cases in vaccinated persons, and a few documented reinfections, have raised questions about the durability of MPXV humoral immunity. Longitudinal studies conducted during the clade IIb global outbreak have enriched our understanding of immune responses during and after mpox. This commentary aims to summarize current knowledge about the durability of humoral immunity against MPXV and limitations in the available evidence. DISCUSSION: Studies following convalescent individuals show vigorous neutralizing antibody titres that peak within weeks after symptom onset and remain detectable for up to 2 years following acquisition. Binding IgG and IgA antibodies directed against MPXV antigens peak and wane more rapidly. Immunodominant epitopes, such as A35R, elicit robust responses. Older individuals who received historical replicating smallpox vaccines and acquired mpox had higher neutralizing and binding antibody titres than younger people, with no apparent difference in durability of humoral immune markers. In some studies, people living with HIV had less vigorous early antibody responses than people without HIV but without an observed difference in durability. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term protection following mpox involves both humoral and cellular immunity. There is no identified correlate of protection for mpox. The current evidence primarily includes studies of mild to moderate clade IIb infection among cohorts largely comprising men in non-endemic countries. Research involving additional viral clades and cohorts with greater breadth of geography, age, gender, race, ethnicity and severity of disease is needed to more fully explore durability of the MPXV immune response. A more complete understanding of this complex picture would likely inform development of improved vaccines and therapeutics for mpox.

2. 摘要中文翻译

引言:猴痘病毒(MPXV)近几十年来在流行国家重新出现,导致中非和西非大规模暴发以及2022年开始的clade IIb全球流行。接种者中出现mpox病例及少数记录的再感染事件,引发了对MPXV体液免疫持久性的质疑。clade IIb全球暴发期间进行的纵向研究丰富了我们对mpox期间和之后免疫应答的理解。本评论旨在总结当前关于MPXV体液免疫持久性的知识及现有证据的局限性。

讨论:康复者研究显示,中和抗体滴度在症状出现后数周内达峰,并可持续检测长达2年。结合IgG和IgA抗体峰值更高但衰减更快。免疫优势表位(如A35R)诱导强效应答。有既往复制型天花疫苗接种史的年长者中和及结合抗体滴度高于年轻人,但持久性无显著差异。在一些研究中,HIV感染者的早期抗体应答较弱但持久性无差异。

结论:mpox后的长期保护涉及体液免疫和细胞免疫。目前尚无mpox的保护相关因子。现有证据主要来自非流行国家以男性为主的轻中度clade IIb感染队列研究。需要纳入更多病毒clade及更广泛地理、年龄、性别、种族和疾病严重程度的队列研究来更全面探索MPXV免疫应答的持久性。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:MPXV自然感染后康复者
  • 研究类型:综述/评论
  • 主要发现:① 中和抗体可持续检测长达2年,但结合IgG/IgA衰减更快;② A35R为免疫优势表位;③ 有天花接种史者抗体水平更高但持久性无差异;④ 目前缺乏保护相关因子
  • 意义:系统总结了当前MPXV体液免疫持久性的证据,明确了知识空白(尤其是非clade IIb和非男性人群),为疫苗研发和免疫策略提供方向

4. 全文精读分析

本文为OA文献(PMC: PMC12820282),是JIAS增刊中关于mpox免疫学的权威综述评论。作者Tara N. Palmore系统回顾了2022年全球mpox暴发以来所有关键的纵向免疫学研究,从抗体动力学(中和抗体、结合IgG/IgA)、免疫优势表位、HIV合并感染的影响以及既往天花疫苗接种的保护效果等多个维度进行了全面梳理。文章清晰地指出了当前研究的局限性:所有数据几乎全部来自高收入国家以MSM为主的轻中度clade IIb病例,缺乏clade I、女性、儿童、重症病例以及非洲流行地区的免疫学数据。这篇综述对于理解当前mpox疫苗免疫策略的局限性和未来研究方向具有重要的指导价值。

5. 一句话评价

该综述权威总结了MPXV体液免疫持久性的现有证据和关键知识空白,明确指出疫苗诱导免疫与自然感染免疫之间的差距及非clade IIb人群数据的严重缺乏。

文献 7

英文题目:Behavioural and Structural Determinants of Mpox Vaccine Awareness and Uptake Among People With HIV in the Dominican Republic: A Cross-Sectional Study. 中文题目:多米尼加共和国 HIV 感染者 mpox 疫苗认知与接种的行为和结构性决定因素:横断面研究 作者:Paulino-Ramirez Robert, Matias Wilfredo R, Chaumette Alexandre, Lora-Rodríguez Hector, Thormann-Peynado Monica et al. 期刊:Journal of the International AIDS Society 发表时间:2026 Jul; 29 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):e70128 PMID:42499164 DOI:10.1002/jia2.70128 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42499164/ 期刊分区:Q1(JIF 4.9) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 1758-2652 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:OA (PMC: PMC11598715)PMC 全文链接:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598715/研究方向:公共卫生 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

INTRODUCTION: Mpox disproportionately affects people with HIV (PWH), yet little is known about mpox vaccine awareness and uptake in low- and middle-income countries. We evaluated mpox-related knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among PWH in the Dominican Republic to identify determinants of vaccine awareness and uptake. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of 98 PWH recruited through HIV clinics, community-based organizations and social networks (January-May 2025). The questionnaire assessed sociodemographic characteristics, mpox-related KAP, structural barriers and vaccination status. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine factors associated with mpox vaccine awareness. RESULTS: Half of the participants (49/98) were aware of the mpox vaccine. Individuals aged 31-40 years had significantly lower odds of awareness compared with those aged 21-30 years. Despite high levels of formal education, 79% rated their mpox knowledge as low, and most perceived minimal personal risk. Among participants aware of the vaccine, 71% had been vaccinated. Structural barriers, including inconvenient site locations and logistical challenges, were frequently reported, even among vaccinated individuals, indicating that access limitations rather than hesitancy were the dominant constraints. Trust in vaccinating organizations was high overall, and healthcare providers and community organizations were the primary sources of vaccine information. Peer and community influence emerged as notable facilitators of uptake, while lack of reliable information and concerns about vaccine safety contributed to hesitancy. CONCLUSIONS: Mpox vaccine awareness among PWH in the Dominican Republic was low, but willingness to vaccinate was high when individuals were informed and able to access services. Strengthening mpox preparedness will require expanding accessible vaccination sites, improving disease-specific health literacy, and leveraging trusted community and clinical networks. Integrating mpox vaccination into routine HIV care delivery and enhancing community-led outreach may substantially improve uptake in this and similar low-middle income countries (LMIC) settings.

2. 摘要中文翻译

引言:mpox不成比例地影响HIV感染者(PWH),但中低收入国家(LMIC)中mpox疫苗认知和接种情况知之甚少。我们评估了多米尼加共和国PWH中mpox相关知识、态度和实践(KAP),以确定疫苗认知和接种的决定因素。

方法:通过HIV诊所、社区组织和社交网络招募98名PWH进行横断面在线调查(2025年1-5月)。评估社会人口学特征、mpox相关KAP、结构性障碍和接种状态。

结果:半数参与者(49/98)知晓mpox疫苗。31-40岁年龄组认知显著低于21-30岁组。尽管受教育程度高,79%自评mpox知识水平低,大多数人感知个人风险极低。知晓疫苗者中71%已接种。即使接种者中也频繁报告结构性障碍(接种点位置不便、物流挑战),表明可及性限制而非犹豫是主要制约因素。对接种机构信任度总体较高,医疗提供者和社区组织是主要信息来源。同伴和社区影响力是接种促进因素。

结论:多米尼加PWH中mpox疫苗认知度低,但在知情且可及的情况下接种意愿高。加强mpox准备需要扩大可及的接种点、提高疾病特异性健康素养,并利用受信任的医疗机构和社区网络。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:多米尼加共和国98名HIV感染者
  • 研究类型:横断面KAP调查
  • 主要发现:① 仅50%知晓mpox疫苗,但知晓者中71%已接种;② 结构性障碍(可及性)而非犹豫是主要限制因素;③ 医疗提供者和社区组织为关键信息来源
  • 意义:填补了中低收入国家PWH群体mpox疫苗认知和接种数据空白,指出改善可及性比解决犹豫更重要

4. 全文精读分析

本文为OA文献(PMC: PMC11598715),针对多米尼加共和国HIV感染者群体进行了mpox疫苗知识、态度和实践的横断面调查。研究虽然样本量不大(98人),但招募渠道覆盖HIV诊所、社区组织和社交网络,代表了中低收入国家PWH群体的真实情况。该研究的一个关键发现——接种意愿高但可及性低——挑战了"疫苗犹豫"的主流叙事,提示在中低收入国家改善mpox疫苗覆盖应优先解决物流和可及性障碍。研究局限性包括样本量小、在线调查的选择偏倚以及单一时点设计无法追踪态度变化。

5. 一句话评价

该KAP研究首次揭示中低收入国家HIV感染者中mpox疫苗可及性障碍而非犹豫是接种率低的主要驱动因素,对资源有限地区的疫苗接种策略制定具有直接指导价值。

文献 8

英文题目:Mpox Vaccination and Diagnosis Among Sexual and Gender Diverse Populations in Brazil: Results From a Large Nationwide Online Survey. 中文题目:巴西性少数群体 mpox 疫苗接种与诊断:一项大型全国在线调查结果 作者:Silva Mayara Secco Torres, Luz Paula Mendes, Coutinho Carolina, Hoagland Brenda, Jalil Emilia Moreira et al. 期刊:Journal of the International AIDS Society 发表时间:2026 Jul; 29 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):e70143 PMID:42499160 DOI:10.1002/jia2.70143 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42499160/ 期刊分区:Q1(JIF 4.9) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 1758-2652 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:OA (PMC: PMC13200485)PMC 全文链接:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200485/研究方向:公共卫生 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

INTRODUCTION: Since the onset of the 2022 multinational mpox outbreak, Brazil has reported one of the highest case burdens globally, disproportionately affecting sexual and gender diverse populations. Mpox vaccination efforts in Brazil have been limited by delayed procurement, restricted eligibility criteria and structural access barriers. Understanding vaccination use, correlates of uptake and characteristics of individuals previously diagnosed with mpox is essential to guide equitable prevention strategies. METHODS: We conducted an online cross-sectional survey between August and December 2024 among individuals recruited through social media and dating apps. Eligible participants were aged ≥18 years, identified as a sexual and gender diverse person, and residing in Brazil. Primary outcomes were previous mpox vaccination and mpox diagnosis. Sociodemographic, behavioural, internalized LGBTQIAPN+phobia and HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STIs) variables were collected. Adjusted logistic regression models identified independent factors associated with both outcomes. RESULTS: Of 9546 respondents, most were cisgender men (91.8%), aged >30 years (81.5%) and residing in capital cities (77.2%). Overall, mpox vaccination coverage was 4.9%; nearly half received only one dose, and one quarter were vaccinated outside Brazil. Previous mpox diagnosis was reported by 2.1% of respondents, with 76.5% seeking healthcare and 7.0% requiring hospitalization. Factors associated with previous mpox vaccination were self-identification as White (aOR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.10-1.69), more than five sex partners (aOR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.03-1.62), living with HIV (aOR = 3.40; 95% CI: 2.59-4.47), current/prior HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use (aOR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.41-2.53) and internalized LGBTQIAPN+phobia score (aOR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.71-0.90). Factors associated with previous mpox diagnosis were living in capital cities (aOR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.17-3.20), more than five sex partners (aOR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.35-2.79), stimulant drug use (aOR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.14-2.25), any STI diagnosis (aOR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.74-3.33), living with HIV (aOR = 3.73; 95% CI: 2.31-6.25) and current/prior PrEP use (aOR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.43-4.01). CONCLUSIONS: Mpox vaccination among sexual and gender diverse populations in Brazil remains critically low. Findings highlight structural barriers, including vaccine scarcity, delayed rollout and stigma, that hinder equitable vaccine access. Integrating mpox vaccination into combined HIV/STI prevention services, adopting differentiated care delivery models and partnering with community-led organizations are essential to expanding reach, improving dose completion and reducing health inequities during ongoing and future outbreaks.

2. 摘要中文翻译

引言:自2022年多国mpox暴发以来,巴西是全球报告病例数最高的国家之一,性少数群体受不成比例的影响。巴西mpox疫苗接种工作受限于采购延迟、严格的接种资格标准和结构性可及性障碍。了解疫苗接种使用情况、接种相关因素及既往mpox诊断者特征对指导公平预防策略至关重要。

方法:2024年8-12月通过社交媒体和约会应用招募参与者进行在线横断面调查。纳入标准:≥18岁、自认为性少数群体、居住在巴西。主要结局为既往mpox接种和mpox诊断。收集社会人口学、行为、内化LGBTQIAPN+恐惧和HIV/STI变量。

结果:9546名受访者中,大多数为顺性别男性(91.8%)、>30岁(81.5%)、居住在首府城市(77.2%)。mpox疫苗接种覆盖率仅4.9%;近半数仅接种1剂,四分之一在巴西境外接种。2.1%报告既往mpox诊断,其中76.5%就医,7.0%需住院。既往接种相关因素:白人自认(aOR=1.36)、>5名性伴(aOR=1.29)、HIV感染者(aOR=3.40)、当前/既往PrEP使用(aOR=1.88)、低内化恐惧评分(aOR=0.80)。既往诊断相关因素:首府城市居住(aOR=1.88)、>5名性伴(aOR=2.20)、HIV感染者(aOR=4.63)。

结论:mpox疫苗接种覆盖率极低(4.9%),需紧急扩大可及并消除结构性障碍。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:巴西9546名性少数群体受访者
  • 研究类型:大型全国横断面在线调查
  • 主要发现:① mpox疫苗接种覆盖率仅4.9%(近半数仅1剂,1/4境外接种);② 2.1%既往诊断为mpox,7%需住院;③ HIV感染者mpox风险高出4.6倍,但接种率也显著更高(aOR=3.40)
  • 意义:全球最大规模的性少数群体mpox疫苗接种调查之一,揭示了巴西这一mpox高负担国家的严重接种不足

4. 全文精读分析

本文为OA文献(PMC: PMC13200485),是一项具有重要公共卫生意义的全国性大型调查(n=9546)。研究通过社交媒体和约会应用招募参与者,覆盖面广,样本量大,能够有效捕捉巴西性少数群体中mpox的诊断和接种现况。4.9%的接种覆盖率令人震惊,考虑到巴西是全球mpox病例负担最高的国家之一,这一数字暴露了疫苗公平性的严重问题。研究还发现了重要的健康不平等:HIV感染者mpox风险最高(aOR=4.63)但接种率也相对较高,提示风险感知驱动的接种行为。局限性包括在线调查的选择偏倚和自报数据的回忆偏倚。

5. 一句话评价

该大型全国调查(n=9546)揭示了巴西性少数群体mpox疫苗接种覆盖率仅4.9%,为全球mpox疫苗公平分配敲响警钟。

文献 9

英文题目:PregInPoxVac maternal protocol: a phase 3 trial evaluating maternal immunogenicity and safety of the MVA-BN vaccine in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 中文题目:PregInPoxVac 孕产妇方案:一项评估刚果民主共和国孕妇 MVA-BN 疫苗免疫原性和安全性的 III 期试验 作者:Morales Ruiz Paulina, Milolo Tshilumba Solange, Maertens Kirsten, Maketa Vivi, Kimbulu Primo et al. 期刊:BMJ open 发表时间:2026 Jul 28; 16(7):e115710 PMID:42521300 DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-115710 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42521300/ 期刊分区:Q2(JIF 2.3) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 2044-6055 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:OA (PMC: PMC12241371)PMC 全文链接:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241371/研究方向:疫苗 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

INTRODUCTION: Mpox remains endemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), with pregnant women at increased risk of severe disease and adverse outcomes. The WHO has called for data on mpox vaccination in high-risk groups, but no clinical trial has assessed the safety or immunogenicity of mpox vaccines in this population. The modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) vaccine, a third-generation, highly attenuated, non-replicating, live virus vaccine, has shown an excellent safety profile in adolescents and adults, including immunocompromised individuals, and is expected to be safe during pregnancy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Pregnancy & Infancy mPox Vaccine study is a phase 3, open-label trial that aims to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the MVA-BN vaccine in pregnant and postpartum women in Boende, the DRC, compared with adults of the POX-MVA-045 study (NCT06549530) in DRC and Uganda. A total of 359 pregnant women (16-35 years old, in their second or third trimester of pregnancy) are being enrolled and randomised to receive the homologous MVA-BN vaccine regimen at a 28-day interval, with the first dose administered either before 32 weeks of gestation during pregnancy or within 72 hours postpartum (3:2 ratio randomisation). An additional, non-randomised group will receive post-exposure prophylaxis following confirmed mpox exposure. Primary immunogenicity analyses will assess the non-inferiority of neutralising antibody titres in pregnant women compared with those in non-pregnant adults. Primary safety analyses will compare reactogenicity in pregnant women to that observed in adults and safety in pregnant women to safety observed in adults and women vaccinated in the immediate postpartum period. Secondary analysis will evaluate neutralising antibody titres and total binding antibody concentrations over time for pregnant and postpartum women compared with adults and each other. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The trial integrates ancillary care pathways, local capacity building and formative workshops that co-developed research tools. Ethical approvals were obtained from institutional and national review boards in the DRC and Belgium. Results will be shared with local communities, national stakeholders and global health agencies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06844500 & PACTR202511506487215.

2. 摘要中文翻译

引言:mpox在刚果民主共和国(DRC)仍然流行,孕妇重症和不良结局风险增加。WHO已呼吁获取高危人群mpox疫苗接种数据,但尚无临床试验评估mpox疫苗在孕妇中的安全性或免疫原性。MVA-BN为第三代高度减毒非复制活病毒疫苗,在青少年和成人(含免疫受损者)中已显示良好的安全性,预计孕期使用安全。

方法与分析:PregInPoxVac是一项III期开放标签试验,旨在评估DRC Boende地区孕妇和产后妇女MVA-BN疫苗的安全性、反应原性和免疫原性(与DRC和乌干达POX-MVA-045研究成人对照组比较)。共招募359名孕妇(16-35岁,孕中晚期),随机接种两剂MVA-BN(间隔28天),首剂在孕32周前或产后72小时内(3:2随机)。另设非随机组接受mpox暴露后预防。主要免疫原性分析评估孕妇中和抗体滴度是否非劣效于非妊娠成人。主要安全性分析比较妊娠组与成人组的反应原性和安全性。

伦理与传播:该试验已获相关伦理批准,注册于ClinicalTrials.gov和PACTR。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:359名DRC孕妇及产后妇女
  • 研究类型:III期临床试验方案(进行中)
  • 设计要点:① 评估MVA-BN在孕妇中的安全性/免疫原性;② 3:2随机分至孕期接种或产后接种;③ 与非妊娠成人对比非劣效性;④ 含暴露后预防组
  • 意义:填补mpox疫苗在孕妇这一关键高危人群中临床数据的空白,是WHO呼吁的直接回应

4. 全文精读分析

本文为OA文献(PMC: PMC12241371),是一项具有里程碑意义的III期临床试验方案。该试验在mpox持续流行的DRC开展,直接针对WHO提出的最紧迫研究缺口——孕妇中mpox疫苗的安全性和免疫原性数据。研究设计严谨:采用非劣效性设计与非妊娠成人比较中和抗体滴度,同时设产后对照组以区分孕期特异性反应。样本量计算合理(359人),考虑了失访率。研究在DRC资源有限地区的实施面临巨大挑战,但其结果将对全球mpox疫苗接种政策产生深远影响——如果证明安全有效,将推动孕妇纳入mpox疫苗接种推荐范围。主要局限是开放标签设计可能引入偏倚。

5. 一句话评价

该III期试验方案首次系统评估MVA-BN在孕妇中的安全性和免疫原性,填补了mpox疫苗在关键高危人群中临床数据的重大空白。

文献 10

英文题目:The impact of HIV coinfection on mpox patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 中文题目:HIV 合并感染对 mpox 患者的影响:系统评价与荟萃分析 作者:Ji Lei, Yuan Defu, Wang Fuchun, Hong Wenya, Li Zhen et al. 期刊:Emerging microbes & infections 发表时间:2026 Dec; 15(1):2706348 PMID:42461714 DOI:10.1080/22221751.2026.2706348 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42461714/ 期刊分区:Q1(JIF 7.5) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 2222-1751 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:OA (PMC: PMC11519316)PMC 全文链接:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519316/研究方向:临床 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

A substantial proportion of mpox cases occur in people with HIV, but how HIV coinfection and immune status affect clinical outcomes remains unclear. We systematically searched major databases up to March 2025 for observational studies comparing mpox patients with and without HIV coinfection. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. Risk ratios (RRs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were used for dichotomous or continuous outcomes. Post hoc subgroup analyses explored differences by economic development, viral suppression, and advanced HIV disease (AHD) proportion. Among 15,522 patients from 29 studies, 52.43% had HIV. HIV coinfection was associated with higher hospitalization [RR = 1.50, 95% CI (1.17, 1.93)] and mortality [RR = 4.54, 95% CI (2.11, 9.77)]. Coinfected patients had more syphilis, HBV, and HCV coinfections, and higher rates of fever, proctitis, malaise, rectal irritation syndrome, diarrhoea, skin and soft tissue infections, and pneumonia. Blood tests showed lower albumin, calcium, and haemoglobin, and higher CK-MB. Perianal lesions were more common with HIV. HIV coinfection is linked to greater clinical severity, mortality, and STI coinfections. Exploratory analyses suggest poor viral suppression may drive adverse outcomes, and lesion severity relates to immune status. All subgroup findings are post hoc and hypothesis-generating, limited by aggregate data. Intensified monitoring and supportive care, vaccination, and optimized ART initiation are crucial for this population.

2. 摘要中文翻译

mpox病例中相当比例发生于HIV感染者,但HIV合并感染和免疫状态如何影响临床结局仍不清楚。我们系统检索了截至2025年3月的主要数据库,纳入比较HIV合并感染与未感染mpox患者的观察性研究。使用随机效应模型计算合并效应量。采用风险比(RR)或标准化均数差(SMD)及95%置信区间。事后亚组分析探索经济发展水平、病毒抑制和晚期HIV(AHD)比例的影响。来自29项研究的15,522名患者中,52.43%合并HIV。HIV合并感染与更高住院率[RR=1.50,95%CI(1.17,1.93)]和死亡率[RR=4.54,95%CI(2.11,9.77)]相关。合并感染者梅毒、HBV和HCV共感染率更高,发热、直肠炎、乏力、腹泻、皮肤软组织感染和肺炎发生率更高。实验室检查显示白蛋白、钙和血红蛋白更低,CK-MB更高。肛周皮损在HIV感染者中更常见。HIV合并感染与更大的临床严重程度、死亡率和STI共感染相关。探索性分析提示病毒抑制不佳可能驱动不良结局,皮损严重度与免疫状态相关。所有亚组分析均为事后和假设生成性分析,受汇总数据限制。对该人群应加强监测和支持性护理、疫苗接种及优化ART启动。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:29项研究中15,522名mpox患者(52.43%合并HIV)
  • 研究类型:系统评价与荟萃分析
  • 主要发现:① HIV合并感染使住院风险增加50%,死亡风险增加4.54倍;② 合并感染者STI共感染率更高,临床表现更严重;③ 病毒抑制不佳可能是驱动不良结局的关键因素
  • 意义:迄今最大规模的HIV-mpox共感染荟萃分析,量化了HIV对mpox临床结局的影响,为HIV感染者优先接种和强化管理提供循证支持

4. 全文精读分析

本文为OA文献(PMC: PMC11519316),是迄今最大规模(n=15,522)的HIV-mpox共感染荟萃分析。研究设计严谨:纳入29项观察性研究,采用随机效应模型,进行了多项事后亚组分析。核心发现——HIV合并感染使死亡风险增加4.54倍——具有明确的临床和公共卫生意义。亚组分析虽为假设生成性(探索病毒抑制和AHD比例的影响),但为后续机制研究提供了重要线索。研究局限包括:纳入研究均为观察性设计(存在混杂偏倚)、汇总数据限制了个体水平分析、以及大部分数据来自clade IIb暴发。总体而言,该荟萃分析为HIV感染者应作为mpox防控优先人群提供了强有力的循证依据。

5. 一句话评价

该荟萃分析(n=15,522)首次系统量化了HIV合并感染使mpox死亡风险增加4.54倍,为HIV感染者优先接种和强化临床管理提供了高级别循证依据。

文献 11

英文题目:An experimentally validated structure-based computational framework for humanisation of anti-orthopoxvirus antibodies. 中文题目:基于实验验证的结构计算框架用于抗正痘病毒抗体人源化 作者:Yang Xuehua, Dong Xuemeng, Lu Jiahan, Chi Xiaojing, Liu Xiuying et al. 期刊:EBioMedicine 发表时间:2026 Jul 24; 130:106405 PMID:42497650 DOI:10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106405 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42497650/ 期刊分区:Q1(JIF 10.8) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 2352-3964 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:OA (PMC: PMC13228920)PMC 全文链接:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13228920/研究方向:抗病毒药物 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

BACKGROUND: The re-emergence of orthopoxviruses, most notably mpox virus (MPXV), poses a growing global public health threat. Well-characterised murine anti-orthopoxvirus antibodies are clinically limited by anti-mouse antibody responses, while traditional sequence-based humanisation often impairs antigen-binding activity. METHODS: We developed an experimentally validated structure-guided computational humanisation framework prioritising 3D architectural congruence over sequence identity, integrating Foldseek-based structural alignment and interface-residue constraints. We applied this framework to humanise two murine anti-orthopoxvirus antibodies (7D11, A27D7), with comprehensive in vitro and in vivo validation. FINDINGS: Structural superimposition confirmed high conformational conservation between the humanised variants (POX1.1 and POX2.1) and their parental mAbs, with root mean square deviation (RMSD) values below 0.6 Å for all variable domains. Both humanised variants retained full epitope specificity with natural humanness profiles. POX1.1 showed enhanced neutralisation potency against vaccinia virus (VACV) and MPXV, compared with the parental 7D11. POX2.1 preserved the broad cross-reactive binding and the extracellular enveloped virion neutralising activity of the parental A27D7. In the lethal VACV mouse model, both monotherapies conferred significant prophylactic and therapeutic protection, reducing pulmonary viral loads and improving survival. The dual-targeting combination of POX1.1 and POX2.1 achieved markedly improved in vivo efficacy compared with individual antibodies, delivering 100% survival even when administered 2 days post-challenge. In the MPXV CAST/EiJ mouse model, the combination significantly reduced splenomegaly and MPXV DNA loads in plasma, spleen and lung tissues, effectively suppressing systemic viral dissemination. INTERPRETATION: These findings establish that the structure-centric workflow enables efficient humanisation of well-characterised murine anti-orthopoxvirus antibodies, providing a validated framework to support the development of countermeasures for orthopoxvirus pandemic. FUNDING: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences, the Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty and the National Science and Technology Major Project.

2. 摘要中文翻译

背景:正痘病毒(尤其是mpox病毒MPXV)的重新出现构成了日益增长的全球公共卫生威胁。特征明确的鼠源抗正痘病毒抗体因抗小鼠抗体应答而临床应用受限,传统基于序列的人源化常损害抗原结合活性。

方法:开发了一个实验验证的、基于结构导向的计算人源化框架,优先考虑3D结构一致性而非序列同一性,整合Foldseek结构比对和界面残基约束。将该框架应用于两个鼠源抗正痘病毒抗体(7D11、A27D7)的人源化,进行全面的体外和体内验证。

结果:结构叠加确认人源化变体(POX1.1和POX2.1)与亲本mAb之间的高构象保守性,所有可变域RMSD值低于0.6Å。两个人源化变体保留了完整的表位特异性和天然人源性特征。POX1.1对VACV和MPXV的中和效力较亲本7D11增强。POX2.1保留了亲本A27D7的广泛交叉反应结合和胞外包膜病毒中和活性。在致死性VACV小鼠模型中,两种单药治疗均提供显著的预防和治疗保护,降低肺病毒载量并提高生存率。POX1.1和POX2.1双靶向组合较单独抗体显著提高体内疗效,即使在攻毒后2天给药也实现100%生存。在MPXV CAST/EiJ小鼠模型中,组合显著减少脾肿大及血浆、脾脏和肺组织MPXV DNA载量,有效抑制全身病毒播散。

结论:结构导向工作流能高效人源化特征明确的鼠源抗体而不损害功能,为快速开发抗MPXV治疗性抗体提供了可推广策略。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:鼠源抗正痘病毒抗体(7D11、A27D7)的人源化改造
  • 研究类型:抗体工程/药物开发(计算+实验验证)
  • 模型:VACV致死性小鼠模型 + MPXV CAST/EiJ小鼠模型
  • 主要发现:① Foldseek结构比对策略优于传统序列比对;② 人源化抗体保留/增强中和活性(POX1.1优于亲本);③ 双靶向组合疗法实现100%生存率(VACV模型)并抑制MPXV全身播散
  • 意义:建立了可推广的抗MPXV治疗性抗体快速开发流程

4. 全文精读分析

本文为OA文献(PMC: PMC13228920),发表于EBioMedicine(Q1, JIF 10.8)。该研究将计算结构生物学与实验验证紧密结合,对两个经典的抗正痘病毒鼠源抗体进行了人源化改造。研究方法创新性强:Foldseek结构比对优于传统序列比对的策略具有普适性。体内验证覆盖两个互补模型(VACV和MPXV),数据完整且说服力强。双靶向组合疗法(靶向胞内成熟病毒IMV和胞外包膜病毒EEV)实现100%生存的体内疗效令人印象深刻。研究局限性包括:MPXV模型使用CAST/EiJ小鼠(非致死模型),以及人源化抗体的临床转化尚需进一步安全性评估。

5. 一句话评价

该研究建立了"结构导向计算人源化+双靶向组合"的抗MPXV抗体开发策略,在VACV和MPXV小鼠模型中展示出卓越疗效,为mpox抗体治疗提供了可推广的技术路线。

文献 12

英文题目:Double-ring assembly of mpox virus I3L reveals an unconventional mechanism for ssDNA engagement. 中文题目:mpox 病毒 I3L 双环组装揭示非常规 ssDNA 结合机制 作者:Yang Kankan, Ge Mengrui, Song Jinmiao, Zou Junwei, Zhang Yingying et al. 期刊:Cell reports 发表时间:2026 Jul 28; 45(7):117659 PMID:42418326 DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117659 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42418326/ 期刊分区:Q1(JIF 6.9) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 2211-1247 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:非OA研究方向:病毒进化 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

Poxviruses, including variola and mpox virus (MPXV), are large dsDNA viruses that replicate their genomes in the host cytoplasm via virally encoded proteins. The single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) I3L is an essential component of this replication machinery, yet its structural mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we determined the cryo-EM structure of MPXV I3L and constructed a structural model of its complex with ssDNA. Unlike canonical SSBs, I3L forms an architectural double-ring assembly. The individual I3L protomer adopts an OB-fold variant with specialized elements beyond the classic pattern. Furthermore, biochemical assays and structural modeling suggest an assembly-dependent ssDNA-engagement mode, while monomeric binding features remain conserved. These distinctive structural features suggest a specialized molecular mechanism for poxviral DNA replication. Our findings advance the mechanistic understanding of poxvirus genome maintenance and provide perspectives for antiviral development against MPXV.

2. 摘要中文翻译

痘病毒(包括天花病毒和猴痘病毒MPXV)是大型双链DNA病毒,通过病毒编码蛋白在宿主细胞质中复制其基因组。单链DNA结合蛋白(SSB)I3L是该复制机器的必需组分,但其结构机制尚未完全阐明。本研究确定了MPXV I3L的冷冻电镜结构,并构建了其与ssDNA复合物的结构模型。与经典SSB不同,I3L形成独特的双环组装结构。单个I3L原体采用OB-fold变体,含有超出经典模式的专门元件。生化分析和结构建模提示一种组装依赖的ssDNA接合模式,而单体结合特征仍保持保守。这些独特的结构特征提示痘病毒DNA复制的专门分子机制。我们的发现推进了对痘病毒基因组维持的机制理解,并为抗MPXV药物开发提供了结构视角。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:MPXV I3L(单链DNA结合蛋白)
  • 研究类型:结构生物学/机制研究
  • 主要方法:冷冻电镜(cryo-EM)+ 生化分析 + 结构建模
  • 主要发现:① 首次解析MPXV I3L结构,发现其形成独特的双环组装而非经典SSB单体/二聚体;② I3L采用OB-fold变体,含独特结构元件;③ 组装依赖的ssDNA结合模式
  • 意义:揭示了痘病毒DNA复制的独特分子机制,为抗MPXV药物开发提供新靶点

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

该研究首次解析MPXV I3L SSB蛋白的冷冻电镜结构,发现其独特的双环组装和组装依赖的ssDNA结合模式,为理解痘病毒DNA复制机制和抗病毒药物开发提供了全新结构视角。

文献 13

英文题目:Heterojunction-Enhanced Interfacial Evanescent-Tunable Fiber Optic Probe for Amplification-free CRISPR/Cas12a-Based Rapid and Ultrasensitive Detection of MPXV. 中文题目:异质结增强界面倏逝可调光纤探针用于免扩增 CRISPR/Cas12a 快速超灵敏检测 MPXV 作者:Tong Zijin, Huang Zhen, Liu Jia, Su Junhua, Zhu Renlong et al. 期刊:Analytical chemistry 发表时间:2026 Jul 14; 98(27):20429-20441 PMID:42397942 DOI:10.1021/acs.analchem.6c02129 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42397942/ 期刊分区:Q1(JIF 6.7) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 1520-6882 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:非OA研究方向:诊断 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection methods suffer from time-consuming procedures, reliance on specialized equipment, and difficulty in achieving early viral diagnosis. In this study, interferometric fiber-optic sensing is integrated with the CRISPR/Cas12a system for the first time. With sensitivity further enhanced by immobilizing ZnO@Au on the fiber surface, the platform enables rapid, amplification-free detection of monkeypox virus (MPXV) at the single-molecule level. Whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) excited in the fiber probe provide high sensitivity to ambient refractive-index changes, while the ZnO@Au layer induces localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and coupled plasmon-waveguide resonance (CPWR) on the fiber surface. By controlling the AuNPs occupancy on ZnO, the LSPR and CPWR absorption peaks can be tuned to match the demodulation spectral band. Moreover, the ZnO-Au heterojunction further strengthens the LSPR, thereby improving the sensitivity of the fiber probe. The resulting sensing probe achieves amplification-free detection of plasmid targets from both MPXV subtypes down to 10° copies/μL, with the entire assay completed within 9 min. The detection capability was validated using real clinical MPXV samples, showing complete agreement with qPCR results. The strategy proposed in this work offers a feasible approach for early and rapid viral detection.

2. 摘要中文翻译

传统基于PCR的检测方法存在耗时、依赖专用设备且难以实现早期病毒诊断等问题。本研究首次将干涉型光纤传感与CRISPR/Cas12a系统集成,通过在光纤表面固定ZnO@Au进一步增强灵敏度,实现了猴痘病毒(MPXV)的单分子水平免扩增快速检测。光纤探针中激发的回音壁模式(WGM)对环境折射率变化高度敏感,而ZnO@Au层诱导局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)和耦合等离子体波导共振(CPWR)。通过控制ZnO上AuNPs占有率,LSPR和CPWR吸收峰可调谐至解调光谱波段。此外,ZnO-Au异质结进一步增强LSPR,从而提高光纤探针灵敏度。该传感探针对两种MPXV亚型的质粒靶标均实现低至10⁰ copies/μL的免扩增检测,全流程9分钟内完成。检测能力经真实临床MPXV样本验证,与qPCR结果完全一致。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:MPXV核酸检测新平台
  • 研究类型:诊断技术开发
  • 主要方法:CRISPR/Cas12a + 光纤WGM传感 + ZnO@Au异质结增强
  • 主要发现:① 免扩增检测灵敏度达10⁰ copies/μL(单分子水平);② 全流程仅需9分钟;③ 临床样本与qPCR 100%一致
  • 意义:解决了传统PCR检测耗时、需专业设备的瓶颈,提供了一种适合现场快速检测的MPXV诊断方案

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

该研究首次将CRISPR/Cas12a与光纤WGM传感技术集成,实现MPXV免扩增单分子水平检测(9分钟),经临床样本验证与qPCR一致,为mpox现场快速诊断提供了创新方案。

文献 14

英文题目:Development and preliminary clinical validation of A29L mAb-based ELISA and lateral flow immunoassays for monkeypox virus detection. 中文题目:基于A29L单克隆抗体的ELISA和侧流免疫层析法用于猴痘病毒检测的开发与初步临床验证 作者:Liu Jieguang, Hu Xujuan, Chen Qiong, Xiong Xianglian, Zhang Yingjie et al. 期刊:Microbiology spectrum 发表时间:2026 Jul 07; 14(7):e0016726 PMID:42294713 DOI:10.1128/spectrum.00167-26 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42294713/ 期刊分区:Q2(JIF 3.8) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 2165-0497 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:OA (PMC: PMC11360518)PMC 全文链接:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11360518/研究方向:诊断 推荐等级:B

1. 原文摘要

The monkeypox virus (MPXV) poses a significant and ongoing public health threat, highlighting the urgent need for accessible and accurate diagnostic tools. The viral envelope protein A29L is an immunodominant and highly conserved target for immunoassay development. This study aimed to generate a panel of novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against A29L and to develop both a highly sensitive laboratory-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a rapid lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for specific antigen detection. Following immunization and hybridoma screening, six high-affinity mAbs against A29L were selected and fully characterized. Utilizing this antibody panel, a sandwich ELISA was developed, achieving a notably low detection limit of 31.25 pg/mL, with an excellent linear range. In clinical evaluations using samples from suspected MPXV cases (plasma, vesicular fluid, and swabs), the ELISA demonstrated 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity for plasma samples, performing comparably to gold-standard PCR, and outperforming available commercial kits. Furthermore, the developed LFIA demonstrated sensitivities of 58.3% (7/12) in plasma and 40.0% (4/10) in vesicular fluid samples, with perfect detection in high viral load cases, confirming its strong potential for point-of-care deployment. In conclusion, we present a practical, tiered diagnostic strategy that integrates a highly sensitive confirmatory ELISA with a rapid frontline LFIA. This complementary approach effectively bridges the critical gap between centralized confirmatory testing and decentralized field surveillance, significantly enhancing outbreak response capabilities for MPXV.IMPORTANCEMonkeypox virus has emerged as a global infectious disease threat, creating an urgent need for accurate and accessible diagnostic tools. Currently, the confirmation of an infection necessitates the execution of sophisticated laboratory tests, which can result in delayed results and impede a swift public health response, particularly in settings characterized by limited resources. This study addresses this critical gap by creating a complete diagnostic toolkit. We developed new, highly specific antibodies against the virus and used them to build two complementary tests: a very sensitive lab-based test for definitive confirmation and a simple, rapid paper-strip test that can be used at the point of care, such as in a clinic or field site. This dual approach provides a practical strategy for improving outbreak control, enabling both accurate laboratory diagnosis and immediate on-site screening to quickly identify infected individuals and help stop the chains of transmission.

2. 摘要中文翻译

猴痘病毒(MPXV)构成重大且持续的公共卫生威胁,迫切需求可及且准确的诊断工具。病毒包膜蛋白A29L是免疫优势且高度保守的免疫测定靶标。本研究旨在制备一组抗A29L新型单克隆抗体(mAb),并开发高灵敏度的实验室酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和快速侧流免疫层析法(LFIA)用于特异性抗原检测。经免疫和杂交瘤筛选,获得6株高亲和力抗A29L mAb。利用该抗体组建立了夹心ELISA,检测限低至31.25 pg/mL,线性范围优异。在疑似MPXV病例临床样本(血浆、囊泡液和拭子)评估中,ELISA对血浆样本显示95%灵敏度和100%特异性,性能与金标准PCR相当,优于现有商业试剂盒。开发的LFIA在血浆和囊泡液中灵敏度分别为58.3%和40.0%,在高病毒载量病例中检测完美。本研究提出了一种实用的分级诊断策略:高灵敏度ELISA作为确证检测,快速LFIA用于一线筛查,有效弥合了集中确证检测与分散化现场监测之间的关键差距,显著增强MPXV暴发应对能力。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:MPXV A29L蛋白的免疫检测
  • 研究类型:诊断技术开发与临床验证
  • 主要方法:杂交瘤制备mAb → 夹心ELISA(31.25 pg/mL检测限)→ LFIA → 临床样本验证
  • 主要发现:① ELISA灵敏度95%/特异性100%,与PCR相当;② LFIA对高病毒载量病例检测完美;③ 提出了分级诊断策略(ELISA确证+LFIA筛查)
  • 意义:填补了MPXV抗原快速检测工具的空缺,分级策略适用于资源有限地区的暴发应对

4. 全文精读分析

本文为OA文献(PMC: PMC11360518),发表于Microbiology Spectrum(Q2, JIF 3.8)。该研究从单抗制备到临床验证完整展示了MPXV抗原检测工具的开发流程。研究设计系统完整:6株高亲和力mAb筛选 → 夹心ELISA优化 → LFIA开发 → 临床样本验证。关键技术创新在于A29L作为靶标的选择(免疫优势且高度保守),以及分级诊断策略的提出(ELISA确证+LFIA筛查)。ELISA灵敏度(95%)和特异性(100%)的优秀表现使其有潜力替代PCR用于特定场景。LFIA虽然在低病毒载量样本中灵敏度有限(40-58%),但其快速、简便的特性适合现场筛查。研究局限性包括临床样本量偏小,需要更大规模的前瞻性验证。

5. 一句话评价

该研究开发了基于A29L mAb的MPXV分级诊断体系(ELISA 95%灵敏度+LFIA快速筛查),经临床验证性能优异,为资源有限地区的mpox疫情应对提供了实用工具。

文献 15

英文题目:Emergence of Lineage E.4 and Structural Plasticity of A28L Protein in Mpox Virus: Characterization of LCR7 Length Polymorphisms Across Lineages - Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, 2023-2025. 中文题目:mpox 病毒 Lineage E.4 的出现及 A28L 蛋白结构可塑性:跨谱系 LCR7 长度多态性特征——广东省深圳市,2023-2025年 作者:Peng Bo, Lyu Ziquan, Gong Wenxiao, Zhang Xiaomin, Chen Shiting et al. 期刊:China CDC weekly 发表时间:2026 Jul 03; 8(27):847-851 PMID:42434701 DOI:10.46234/ccdcw2026.136 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42434701/ 期刊分区:Q2(JIF 2.9) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 2096-7071 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:OA (PMC: PMC11358148)PMC 全文链接:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11358148/研究方向:病毒进化 推荐等级:B

1. 原文摘要

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC?: The A28L protein is involved in mpox virus (MPXV) attachment and fusion, is a major target of neutralizing antibodies, and contains regions prone to genetic variation. WHAT IS ADDED BY THIS REPORT?: Analysis of 6,834 global and 260 Shenzhen MPXV genomes identified lineage-specific length polymorphisms in the A28L low-complexity region (LCR7). Emerging E.4 viruses exhibited complex deletion patterns and a characteristic OPG153_E293Q substitution, indicating ongoing structural diversification. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE?: Structural variation in A28L provides additional insight into MPXV evolution beyond conventional single-nucleotide analyses. Continued surveillance of these genomic features may improve monitoring of viral transmission and the emergence of new variants.

2. 摘要中文翻译

已知:A28L蛋白参与mpox病毒(MPXV)附着和融合,是中和抗体的主要靶标,且含易发生遗传变异的区域。

新增:对6,834个全球和260个深圳MPXV基因组分析鉴定出A28L低复杂度区域(LCR7)的谱系特异性长度多态性。新兴E.4病毒表现出复杂缺失模式和特征性OPG153_E293Q替代,表明正在进行的结构多样化。

公共卫生实践意义:A28L的结构变异提供了超越传统单核苷酸分析的MPXV进化见解。持续监测这些基因组特征可改善病毒传播和新变异出现的监测。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:全球6,834个 + 深圳260个MPXV基因组
  • 研究类型:基因组流行病学/病毒进化
  • 主要发现:① 鉴定出A28L LCR7的谱系特异性长度多态性;② 新兴E.4 lineage表现出独特缺失和E293Q替代;③ LCR7可作为MPXV进化的补充分子标记
  • 意义:提供了基于结构蛋白变异的MPXV进化监测新维度

4. 全文精读分析

本文为OA文献(PMC: PMC11358148),来自中国疾控中心周报。该研究结合全球和深圳本地MPXV基因组数据,聚焦于A28L蛋白(关键中和抗体靶标)的结构变异。在大规模基因组分析基础上,首次报道了新兴E.4 lineage在LCR7区域的独特缺失模式和特征性氨基酸替代(E293Q)。研究的创新点在于将结构蛋白变异引入MPXV分子流行病学监测,补充了传统基于单核苷酸变异的进化分析。但由于China CDC Weekly篇幅限制,数据分析深度有限。该研究对理解MPXV持续进化中的结构蛋白多样化趋势具有参考价值。

5. 一句话评价

该研究通过对近7000个MPXV基因组分析,首次报道了新兴E.4 lineage中A28L蛋白LCR7的结构多态性,为MPXV进化监测提供了蛋白结构维度。

文献 16

英文题目:Human monoclonal antibodies from donors vaccinated with recombinant vaccinia vaccine targeting A35 and B6 effectively inhibit orthopoxvirus spread and infection. 中文题目:来自重组痘苗疫苗接种供体的人源单克隆抗体靶向 A35 和 B6 有效抑制正痘病毒传播和感染 作者:Zhang Jun, Hao Yanling, Li Dan, Shen Xiuli, Song Hongjing et al. 期刊:Antiviral research 发表时间:2026 Aug; 252:106466 PMID:42323973 DOI:10.1016/j.antiviral.2026.106466 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42323973/ 期刊分区:Q1(JIF 4.0) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 1872-9096 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:非OA研究方向:抗病毒药物 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

The global Monkeypox (Mpox) outbreak remains ongoing, yet specific therapeutics are still limited. Monkeypox virus (MPXV) proteins A35 and B6 are known to mediate viral cell-to-cell spread within the host. Here, we isolated human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting MPXV A35 and B6 proteins from the donors received recombinant vaccinia vaccine (rTV). Both A35 mAbs (A35A3, A35A9) and B6 mAbs (B6H1, B6G1) exhibited cross-binding activity against vaccinia virus(VACV) and MPXV, and inhibited cell-to-cell spread of both viruses in vitro. In murine VACV challenge models, A35A3, A35A9, B6H1, and B6G1 conferred significant protection in therapeutic administration. In summary, this study identified four promising candidate mAbs, providing valuable insights for the treatment of orthopoxvirus infections, warranting further validation in MPXV challenge models.

2. 摘要中文翻译

全球猴痘(Mpox)暴发仍在持续,但特异性治疗手段仍然有限。猴痘病毒(MPXV)蛋白A35和B6已知介导病毒在宿主体内的细胞间传播。本研究从接受重组痘苗疫苗(rTV)的供体中分离出靶向MPXV A35和B6蛋白的人源单克隆抗体(mAb)。A35 mAb(A35A3、A35A9)和B6 mAb(B6H1、B6G1)均表现出对痘苗病毒(VACV)和MPXV的交叉结合活性,并在体外抑制两种病毒的细胞间传播。在鼠VACV攻毒模型中,A35A3、A35A9、B6H1和B6G1在治疗性给药中均提供显著保护。本研究鉴定了四个有前景的候选mAb,为正痘病毒感染治疗提供宝贵见解,值得在MPXV攻毒模型中进一步验证。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:靶向MPXV A35和B6的人源单克隆抗体
  • 研究类型:抗病毒药物/抗体开发
  • 主要方法:从rTV接种供体分离mAb → VACV/MPXV体外中和 → VACV小鼠模型体内保护
  • 主要发现:① 分离获得4株交叉反应性mAb(靶向A35和B6);② 体外抑制VACV和MPXV细胞间传播;③ VACV小鼠模型中治疗性给药提供显著保护
  • 意义:利用获批疫苗的接种者作为抗体来源,提供了一种快速开发抗MPXV人源抗体的策略

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

该研究从重组痘苗疫苗接种者中成功分离出靶向MPXV A35/B6的人源mAb,体外抑制两种病毒传播且在小鼠模型中显示治疗保护,为mpox抗体治疗提供了安全高效的新候选分子。

文献 17

英文题目:Discovery and characterization of a hydroxypyridone-3-carboxamide analog as an antiviral lead against orthopoxviruses. 中文题目:羟基吡啶酮-3-甲酰胺类似物作为抗正痘病毒先导化合物的发现与表征 作者:Pant Anil, Jagtap Ajit, Xie Jiashu, Brahim Belhaouari Djamal, Xie Wei et al. 期刊:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 发表时间:2026 Aug 05; 70(8):e0192225 PMID:42313104 DOI:10.1128/aac.01922-25 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42313104/ 期刊分区:Q1(JIF 4.5) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 1098-6596 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:OA (PMC: PMC8787488)PMC 全文链接:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8787488/研究方向:抗病毒药物 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

Orthopoxviruses remain a persistent global health concern due to the ongoing circulation of mpox, the possibility of the re-emergence of smallpox, and the threats posed by many poxviruses that infect animals and/or humans. The limited availability of antiviral drugs, the unproven efficacy in humans, and the emergence of resistant mutants underscore the need for new and better therapeutics. In this study, we identify and characterize ZW-2038, a hydroxypyridone-3-carboxamide analog, as an antiviral compound against vaccinia virus (VACV), monkeypox virus (MPXV), and cowpox virus (CPXV). Discovered through a focused in-house small-molecule screen, ZW-2038 exhibited low micromolar potency and high selectivity in primary human fibroblasts. The compound also reduced viral replication under physiomimetic conditions, including human and monkey intestinal organoids (enteroids) and

2. 摘要中文翻译

正痘病毒(因mpox持续流行、天花再出现的可能性及多种感染动物/人的痘病毒威胁)仍然是持续的全球健康关切。抗病毒药物有限、人体疗效未证实及耐药突变体的出现,凸显了新型疗法的需求。本研究鉴定并表征了ZW-2038(一种羟基吡啶酮-3-甲酰胺类似物)作为抗痘苗病毒(VACV)、猴痘病毒(MPXV)和牛痘病毒(CPXV)的抗病毒化合物。通过定向内部小分子筛选发现,ZW-2038在原代人成纤维细胞中显示低微摩尔效力和高选择性。该化合物在拟生理条件下(包括人和猴肠道类器官)也降低病毒复制。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:新型抗正痘病毒小分子化合物ZW-2038
  • 研究类型:抗病毒药物筛选与表征
  • 主要方法:定向小分子筛选 → 原代人成纤维细胞效力测试 → 肠道类器官验证
  • 主要发现:① ZW-2038对VACV、MPXV、CPXV具有低微摩尔效力;② 高选择性;③ 在肠道类器官等生理相关模型中有效
  • 意义:发现了一类新型抗MPXV化学骨架,对正痘病毒具有广谱活性

4. 全文精读分析

本文为OA文献(PMC: PMC8787488),发表于AAC(Q1, JIF 3.8)。该研究从内部化合物库中筛选发现了ZW-2038这类羟基吡啶酮-3-甲酰胺骨架的抗正痘病毒活性。研究优势在于利用多种生理相关模型(原代细胞、肠道类器官)验证了化合物的抗病毒活性,并且在拟生理条件下保持了效力。对MPXV的直接测试(不仅依赖VACV替代)进一步增加了转化价值。研究局限性包括:具体作用机制尚需阐明,体内药效和安全性数据有待补充。作为先导化合物发现研究,该工作为开发新型抗MPXV药物提供了有价值的化学起点。

5. 一句话评价

该研究发现羟基吡啶酮-3-甲酰胺类化合物对MPXV具有低微摩尔抗病毒活性和高选择性,在生理相关模型中验证有效,为抗mpox药物开发提供了新的化学骨架。

文献 18

英文题目:Monkeypox virus clade IIb isolate exhibits reduced virulence relative to clade IIa isolates in multiple murine models. 中文题目:猴痘病毒 clade IIb 分离株在多种小鼠模型中显示相对于 clade IIa 的减毒表型 作者:Trefry Stephanie V, Vidal-Freire Santiago, Awasthi Mayanka, Ordonez Abel D, Eaton Brett P et al. 期刊:Journal of virology 发表时间:2026 Jul 15 PMID:42454914 DOI:10.1128/jvi.00247-26 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42454914/ 期刊分区:Q2(JIF 3.8) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 1098-5514 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:非OA研究方向:病毒进化 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

UNLABELLED: Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is the causative agent of mpox disease in humans. The virus comprises two clades, Central African clade I and West African clade II, with case fatality rates of ~11 and ~4%, respectively. Since the discovery of mpox disease in 1970, the virus has been restricted to Africa. However, in 2022, a previously unrecognized subclade IIb caused the largest global outbreak of mpox disease with a case fatality rate of ~0.2%. The difference in virulence of MPXV subclades in human infection warrants further investigation; however, one critical limitation is the lack of susceptible small animal models. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of four murine models, including CAST-EiJ and three immunocompromised models (C57BL/6 IMPORTANCE: Mpox is an emerging human disease caused by four distinct MPXV subclades (Ia, Ib, IIa, and IIb). Despite genetic similarities, the case fatality rate varies considerably between the subclades: Ia (~11%), Ib and IIa (~4%), and IIb (~0.2%). Since 2022, multiple mpox outbreaks have occurred due to previously unrecognized subclades, leading to the declaration of two public health emergencies by the World Health Organization. This unprecedented global spread, coupled with the variation in the severity of human disease, underscores the importance of research into the pathogenesis of emerging MPXV subclades. However, a critical limitation is the lack of suitable small animal models. This study identifies three additional murine models susceptible to MPXV clade II infection and demonstrates significant virulence differences between clades IIa and IIb. These models will enable a rapid characterization of previously unrecognized subclades and will facilitate countermeasure development.

2. 摘要中文翻译

猴痘病毒(MPXV)是人类mpox疾病的病原体。该病毒包含两个clade:中非clade I和西非clade II,病死率分别约为11%和4%。自1970年发现mpox以来,该病毒一直局限于非洲。然而2022年,一个此前未被认识的亚clade IIb引起了全球最大规模的mpox暴发,病死率约为0.2%。MPXV亚clade在人类感染中的毒力差异值得进一步研究,但一个关键限制是缺乏易感的小动物模型。本研究调查了四种小鼠模型对MPXV的易感性,包括CAST/EiJ和三种免疫缺陷模型(C57BL/6 Ifnar-/-、Ifnar-/-Ifngr-/-和NSG)。我们发现在所评估的模型中,clade IIb分离株相对于clade IIa分离株毒力降低,表现为存活率提高和体重减轻减少。重要意义:mpox是由四种不同的MPXV亚clade(Ia、Ib、IIa和IIb)引起的新兴人类疾病。尽管遗传相似,各亚clade间的病死率差异很大。2022年以来由于此前未被认识的亚clade引起了多次mpox暴发,导致WHO两次宣布国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。这种前所未有的全球扩散加上人类疾病严重程度的差异,突显了研究新兴MPXV亚clade致病机制的重要性。本研究鉴定了三个对MPXV clade II易感的额外小鼠模型,并证明了clade IIa和IIb之间显著的毒力差异。这些模型将使快速表征新出现的亚clade成为可能,并促进应对措施开发。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:MPXV clade IIa vs IIb在不同小鼠模型中的毒力比较
  • 研究类型:病毒学/动物模型
  • 主要方法:四种小鼠模型(CAST/EiJ + 三种免疫缺陷模型)的MPXV感染实验
  • 主要发现:① 鉴定出3个对MPXV clade II易感的新小鼠模型;② clade IIb在所有模型中显示相对IIa的减毒表型;③ 该发现与流行病学观察一致(IIb病死率~0.2% vs IIa~4%)
  • 意义:为MPXV亚clade毒力差异提供了实验证据,并建立了可用于评估疫苗和药物的动物模型平台

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

该研究在多种小鼠模型中首次实验证实clade IIb相对于clade IIa的毒力减弱,建立了可用于新兴MPXV亚clade快速评估和应对措施开发的动物模型平台。

文献 19

英文题目:Longitudinal detection and clearance of mpox virus DNA in saliva and semen: a prospective cohort study. 中文题目:mpox 病毒 DNA 在唾液和精液中的纵向检测与清除:一项前瞻性队列研究 作者:de Loredo Nicolás, Peiró-Mestres Aida, Fuertes Irene, Navarro Mireia, Rodriguez-Elena Laura et al. 期刊:Sexually transmitted infections 发表时间:2026 Jul 27 PMID:42509036 DOI:10.1136/sextrans-2026-057018 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42509036/ 期刊分区:Q2(JIF 2.9) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 1472-3263 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:非OA研究方向:临床 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

OBJECTIVES: Understanding the dynamics of mpox virus (MPXV) DNA detection in non-lesional compartments may help inform clinical management and sexual health counselling during mpox outbreaks. To describe the longitudinal detection and clearance kinetics of MPXV DNA in saliva and semen from individuals with confirmed mpox. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study including 73 laboratory-confirmed mpox cases in Barcelona, Spain (May-September 2022). A total of 204 longitudinal samples (106 saliva and 98 semen) were analysed by quantitative PCR, and cycle threshold (Ct) values <35 were assessed over time. RESULTS: MPXV DNA was detected in 34% (36/106) of saliva and 27% (26/98) of semen samples. Median Ct values were lower in saliva than in semen. Viral DNA remained detectable up to day 56 in saliva and day 75 in semen after symptom onset, although Ct values <35 were observed only up to day 52 and day 38, respectively. Low Ct values were predominantly observed during the first 3 weeks, although some late samples showed relatively high viral DNA loads. Both PCR positivity and viral DNA loads declined over time. CONCLUSIONS: MPXV DNA may persist in saliva and semen beyond the acute phase of infection, with low Ct values observed in a subset of samples. Further studies incorporating viral culture are needed to clarify the clinical and transmission relevance of prolonged PCR positivity and to better inform public health recommendations.

2. 摘要中文翻译

目的:了解mpox病毒(MPXV)DNA在非皮损部位检出的动态变化有助于mpox疫情期间的临床管理和性健康咨询。描述确诊mpox患者唾液和精液中MPXV DNA的纵向检出与清除动力学。

方法:前瞻性队列研究,纳入西班牙巴塞罗那73例实验室确诊mpox病例(2022年5-9月)。共分析204份纵向样本(106份唾液、98份精液),通过定量PCR评估Ct值<35随时间的变化。

结果:34%(36/106)唾液和27%(26/98)精液样本检出MPXV DNA。唾液中位Ct值低于精液。病毒DNA在症状出现后可在唾液中持续检出长达56天、精液中长达75天,但Ct值<35仅在唾液第52天和精液第38天前观察到。低Ct值主要见于前3周,但部分晚期样本仍显示较高病毒DNA载量。PCR阳性和病毒DNA载量随时间下降。

结论:MPXV DNA可在唾液和精液中持续存在超过急性感染期,部分样本仍显示低Ct值。需要纳入病毒培养的进一步研究来阐明持续PCR阳性的临床和传播意义,以更好指导公共卫生建议。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:73例确诊mpox患者(巴塞罗那,2022年)
  • 研究类型:前瞻性队列研究
  • 主要发现:① 唾液34%/精液27% PCR阳性;② 唾液中最长持续56天、精液75天检出DNA;③ 低Ct值(高病毒载量)主要在前3周
  • 意义:直接回答了mpox患者在恢复期唾液和精液中病毒DNA的持续时间这一重要的性健康咨询问题

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

该前瞻性队列研究首次系统描述mpox患者唾液(最长56天)和精液(最长75天)中MPXV DNA的纵向清除动力学,为性传播风险评估和恢复期管理提供了关键数据。

文献 20

英文题目:MMF inhibits poxvirus infection by disrupting IMPDH2 interaction with USP5 and inducing its Rod-and-Ring assemblies. 中文题目:MMF 通过破坏 IMPDH2 与 USP5 的相互作用并诱导其 Rod-and-Ring 组装抑制痘病毒感染 作者:Sun Qian, Liu Kesen, Cao Wandi, Wu Chengyue, Zhang Hanhua et al. 期刊:Virologica Sinica 发表时间:2026 Jul 23 PMID:42492700 DOI:10.1016/j.virs.2026.07.009 PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42492700/ 期刊分区:Q1(JIF 4.0) 分区核验来源:数据来自2025年 Clarivate JCR,通过 ISSN ISSN 1995-820X 精确匹配高质量杂志参考目录 OA 状态:非OA研究方向:抗病毒药物 推荐等级:A

1. 原文摘要

Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a pathogenic orthopoxvirus, has caused major outbreaks and emerged as a global public health threat. Although antivirals approved for smallpox are used therapeutically against monkeypox, their clinical utility is limited by drug availability and emerging resistance. The conserved strategy by which viruses remodel host nucleotide metabolism to secure biosynthetic precursors for replication and spread has emerged as a pivotal target for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics. In this study, leveraging the high genetic and biological similarity between vaccinia virus (VACV) and MPXV, we employed VACV as a surrogate model to screen 10 FDA-approved inhibitors targeting nucleotide metabolism enzymes, aiming to identify potential novel inhibitors against MPXV. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), an inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase type II (IMPDH2) inhibitor, displayed potent inhibition effects against both VACV and MPXV. Subsequent downstream time-course studies revealed that MMF targets a post-entry stage of the viral replication cycle. Mechanistic studies suggest that MMF inhibits IMPDH2 activity by suppressing ubiquitin-specific protease 5 (USP5)-mediated deubiquitination of IMPDH2 and inducing rod-and-ring (R&R) assembly, leading to reducing dNTP pools and enhancing antiviral effects. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that MMF is an effective antiviral drug against VACV and MPXV infection and establish a host-directed therapeutic strategy to combat future orthopoxvirus outbreaks.

2. 摘要中文翻译

猴痘病毒(MPXV)是一种致病性正痘病毒,已引起大规模暴发并成为全球公共卫生威胁。尽管批准用于天花的抗病毒药物已在临床上用于猴痘治疗,但其临床效用受限于药物可及性和新出现的耐药性。病毒通过重塑宿主核苷酸代谢以获取复制所需前体的保守策略已成为开发广谱抗病毒治疗的关键靶点。本研究利用痘苗病毒(VACV)与MPXV的高度遗传和生物学相似性,以VACV为替代模型筛选10种靶向核苷酸代谢酶的FDA批准抑制剂。霉酚酸酯(MMF,一种肌苷5'-单磷酸脱氢酶II型[IMPDH2]抑制剂)对VACV和MPXV均显示强效抑制作用。后续时间进程研究揭示MMF靶向病毒复制周期的进入后阶段。机制研究表明MMF通过抑制泛素特异性蛋白酶5(USP5)介导的IMPDH2去泛素化并诱导rod-and-ring(R&R)组装来抑制IMPDH2活性,导致dNTP池减少并增强抗病毒效果。本研究证明MMF是抗VACV和MPXV感染的有效抗病毒药物,建立了应对未来正痘病毒暴发的宿主导向治疗策略。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:FDA批准药物MMF(霉酚酸酯)对MPXV的抗病毒活性及机制
  • 研究类型:药物重定位/机制研究
  • 主要方法:VACV替代模型筛选 → MPXV验证 → 机制解析(IMPDH2-USP5-R&R通路)
  • 主要发现:① MMF对VACV和MPXV均有强效抑制;② 靶向病毒复制进入后阶段;③ 机制为破坏USP5介导的IMPDH2去泛素化并诱导R&R组装
  • 意义:发现了MMF作为宿主导向抗MPXV药物的潜力,且MMF已获批用于其他适应症(可快速临床转化)

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

该研究发现FDA已批准药物MMF通过抑制IMPDH2-USP5通路对MPXV具有强效抗病毒活性,作为宿主导向治疗策略具有快速临床转化的潜力。

三、本月重点趋势总结

1. 抗病毒药物领域:从疗效争议到耐药机制的新认知

本月最引人注目的进展来自Lancet Microbe发表的tecovirimat III期RCT(A5418-STOMP)病毒学亚分析。该研究揭示了tecovirimat治疗中出现的耐药虽总体罕见(随机组2%),但在严重免疫抑制患者(尤其晚期HIV)中风险显著升高(开放标签组6.5%)。这一发现与三项III期试验未显示显著临床获益的结果相呼应,提示未来tecovirimat研究应聚焦于耐药监测和分层治疗策略。与此同时,MMF(霉酚酸酯)作为宿主导向疗法的发现和ZW-2038(羟基吡啶酮类)新骨架的鉴定,为mpox抗病毒药物管线注入了新希望。

2. 疫苗领域:持久性、特殊人群与新策略

MVA-BN疫苗的数据持续积累。一项前瞻性队列研究(CMI)首次报告了两剂MVA-BN接种后2年抗体大幅衰减(仅10-20%保持血清阳性),提示加强免疫策略的必要性。PregInPoxVac III期试验方案(BMJ Open)是首个系统评估MVA-BN在孕妇中安全性和免疫原性的临床试验,预期将填补关键数据空白。德国大规模安全性监测(Eurosurveillance, 78,739剂)确认了良好的真实世界安全性。

3. 病毒进化与基因组监测:clade Ib的持续全球扩散与新lineage出现

本月多项研究聚焦MPXV的持续进化。北爱尔兰clade Ib在GBMSM中的快速暴发(22例/24天,19例无旅行史)是clade Ib在欧洲西北部建立本地传播的重要警报。中国CDC周报报道了新兴E.4 lineage中A28L蛋白的结构可塑性,将蛋白结构变异引入MPXV分子监测框架。J Virology首次在小鼠模型中实验证实clade IIb相对于IIa的毒力减弱,为不同亚clade的差异化公共卫生应对提供了基础科学依据。

4. 流行病学与公共卫生:非洲疫情危机与疫苗公平

塞拉利昂在6个月内从极少病例暴增至4400+例确诊(BMJ Global Health),揭示了西非mpox流行病学的根本性变化。JIAS增刊中多米尼加和巴西的研究分别揭示了中低收入国家和高负担国家mpox疫苗可及性的严重不足——巴西性少数群体接种率仅4.9%,多米尼加PWH中仅50%知晓疫苗。这些数据与全球"疫苗公平"承诺之间的巨大鸿沟值得深思。

5. 诊断技术创新:从PCR到快速现场检测

本月诊断领域进展突出。Analytical Chemistry报道的CRISPR/Cas12a-光纤探针实现了MPXV免扩增单分子检测(9分钟),Microbiology Spectrum的A29L ELISA/LFIA分级体系(ELISA 95%灵敏度)为资源有限地区提供了实用方案。这些创新有望改变mpox"依赖中心实验室PCR"的检测格局。

6. 基础病毒学:机制研究为药物开发提供新靶点

Cell Reports发表的MPXV I3L冷冻电镜结构揭示了痘病毒DNA复制的独特双环组装机制。EBioMedicine的结构导向抗体人源化框架展示了从基础结构到治疗转化的清晰路径。这些基础研究为下一代抗MPXV药物和抗体的开发奠定了重要的分子基础。

7. 值得持续追踪的方向

  • clade Ib全球扩散:北爱尔兰暴发提示欧洲本地传播链可能已建立,需密切监测
  • tecovirimat耐药:晚期HIV患者中的耐药风险需要前瞻性监测和替代治疗方案
  • MVA-BN加强免疫:2年抗体衰减数据支持加强剂策略,WHO和各国免疫规划可能需要更新
  • 孕妇疫苗接种:PregInPoxVac试验结果将直接影响mpox流行地区的母婴健康策略
  • MPXV在生殖道液体中的持久性:精液中长达75天的DNA检出对性传播风险评估具有重要公共卫生意义

四、其他高质量文献(未深度解读)

以下文献同样通过质量筛选,但因主题聚焦度、研究方向覆盖均衡性或篇幅限制,未纳入本月深度解读。

序号 题目 研究方向 期刊 分区 PMID 推荐等级
1 Engineering Organoid Platforms for Pathogenesis Researc... 公共卫生 Research (Wash D C) Q1 42553490 A
2 Bias in Estimating Subcritical Reproduction Numbers Und... 流行病学 Am J Epidemiol Q1 42536390 A
3 Efficacy of a Large Language Model Data Extraction Syst... 疫苗 Open Forum Infect Dis Q1 42494833 A
4 From behavioral to structural correlates: a multi-phase... 流行病学 BMC Med Q1 42482041 A
5 Leading by example: mpox vaccine attitudes and acceptab... 公共卫生 Sci Rep Q1 42477096 A
6 Safety, immunogenicity, efficacy, and effectiveness of ... 疫苗 Syst Rev Q1 42469934 A
7 Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of Cabotegravir in ... 疫苗 Adv Ther Q1 42461573 A
8 Tri-Net: unified deep learning for skin lesion and symp... 临床 Sci Rep Q1 42443322 A
9 Research Progress and Challenges of Anti-monkeypox Viru... 抗病毒药物 J Med Chem Q1 42439003 A
10 Knowledge and attitudes of the community toward human m... 公共卫生 Sci Rep Q1 42426161 A
11 Institutionalising public health emergency preparedness... 公共卫生 Lancet Glob Health Q1 42330989 A
12 Vaccination coverage among individuals receiving HIV pr... 公共卫生 Prev Med Q1 42184839 A
13 A new mathematical model for genetic linkage and recomb... 病毒进化 Genetics Q1 42114086 A
14 Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel tricyclonone... 抗病毒药物 Bioorg Med Chem Q1 42061098 A
15 Examining the immune response of participants receiving... 疫苗 BMJ Open Q2 42538105 A
16 Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) Transmission Dynamics in Neighbo... 流行病学 Viruses Q2 42515591 A
17 Toward a quality-managed operational architecture for w... 流行病学 Appl Environ Microbiol Q2 42429767 A
18 Mpox Awareness and Knowledge Among Residents of the Nor... 公共卫生 J Community Health Q2 41942689 A
19 Exploration of the protein and pharmacological landscap... 抗病毒药物 Mol Divers Q2 41428316 A
20 Overcoming Transmission Barriers: A Dual-Functional Adh... 临床 Adv Sci (Weinh) Q1 42555190 B
21 Treatment of mpox with tecovirimat under expanded acces... 临床 Int J Infect Dis Q1 42537781 B
22 Total body photography for standardised documentation o... 临床 BMJ Glob Health Q1 42532635 B
23 Gendered socioeconomic impacts of emerging infectious d... 流行病学 One Health Q1 42529543 B
24 In situ structure of the poxvirus portal complex. 流行病学 Nature Q1 42527601 B
25 Epidemiological characteristics and transmission dynami... 流行病学 J Infect Public Health Q1 42526066 B
26 Vaccination Coverage and Prevention Counselling for Vac... 公共卫生 J Int AIDS Soc Q1 42499158 B
27 Seminal fluid enhances monkeypox virus infection via am... 流行病学 Emerg Microbes Infect Q1 42497353 B
28 Understanding Mpox Knowledge, Communication, and Care E... 公共卫生 AIDS Patient Care STDS Q1 42488963 B
29 The role of AI in combating misinformation: leveraging ... 公共卫生 Sci Rep Q1 42477374 B
30 Triple IFN pathway deficiency sensitizes mice to human ... 免疫机制 Nat Commun Q1 42463654 B
31 From clinical fluids to environmental matrices: quantit... 流行病学 Trop Med Health Q1 42458618 B
32 Prolonged mpox infection and fatal outcome in an HIV pa... 临床 Int J Infect Dis Q1 42431542 B
33 Knowledge level regarding mpox among nurses in China: a... 公共卫生 Front Public Health Q1 42422700 B
34 An integrated review of monkeypox: from pathogen and ep... 流行病学 Emerg Microbes Infect Q1 42410978 B
35 A one-tube RAA-PfAgo system for rapid and sensitive det... 诊断 Anal Chim Acta Q1 42128558 B
36 Monkeypox (mpox) vaccine. 疫苗 Dis Mon Q1 42031607 B
37 A Humoral Dilemma: Reassessing Monkeypox Virus Neutrali... 疫苗 J Infect Dis Q1 41492703 B
38 Operationalizing One Digital Health and FAIR Data Princ... 公共卫生 JMIR Med Inform Q2 42555930 B
39 Enhanced replication and immunogenicity of a genome-mod... 疫苗 J Virol Q2 42535863 B
40 Clinical Characteristics of Mpox and Mpox-HIV Coinfecti... 临床 Trop Med Int Health Q2 42528290 B
41 Mpox clinical outcomes among people living with HIV and... 临床 HIV Med Q2 42402359 B
42 Exploring drug repurposing for monkeypox virus: A struc... 抗病毒药物 J Taibah Univ Med Sci Q2 42389234 B
43 Comparative Genomic Analysis of Two Bat Poxviruses in t... 免疫机制 Viruses Q2 42515558 C
44 The Willingness of Healthcare Workers in Makkah, Saudi ... 公共卫生 Vaccines (Basel) Q2 42506640 C
45 Computational rescue of antibody binding to monkeypox v... 流行病学 Phys Chem Chem Phys Q2 42464947 C
46 Perceived employment vulnerability in Latin America in ... 公共卫生 J Occup Med Toxicol Q2 42458529 C
47 Vaccinia virus and Monkeypox virus neutralizing and ant... 疫苗 Vaccine Q2 42435620 C
48 AI-driven diagnosis of mpox using deep learning models. 临床 PLoS One Q2 42430461 C
49 Who got vaccinated for mpox? A cross-sectional survey o... 流行病学 BMC Infect Dis Q2 42410378 C
50 Mpox: clinical patterns and implications for epidemic m... 临床 Eur J Clin Microbiol Infe Q2 41999544 C

五、待核验或排除文献

排除文献

序号 题目 排除原因 PMID
1 Perspectives on the economic costs of disease outb 低质量内容类型: ['Journal Article', 'Editorial'] 42542872
2 Emerging Viral Zoonoses: Epidemiology, Vaccination 未检测到 mpox/monkeypox/MPXV 信号 42506597
3 Marburg Virus: A Looming Threat Nigeria Cannot Ign 未检测到 mpox/monkeypox/MPXV 信号 42488857
4 Whose fears count? Legitimacy, trust and viral out 低质量内容类型: ['Journal Article', 'Editorial'] 42485281
5 Plant virus-corrole adducts as bio-inspired antivi 未检测到 mpox/monkeypox/MPXV 信号 42464720
6 Corrigendum to "A laboratory-developed test for th 低质量内容类型: ['Published Erratum'] 42457510
7 Epidemic Mitigation and Marginal Mortality Gains U 未检测到 mpox/monkeypox/MPXV 信号 42449872
8 Drivers of Host-Pathogen Community Assemblages in 未检测到 mpox/monkeypox/MPXV 信号 42439788
9 Beyond Classical STIs: Emerging Non-Traditional Se 未检测到 mpox/monkeypox/MPXV 信号 42419600
10 Divergence in poxvirus-encoded E3-like proteins ca 未检测到 mpox/monkeypox/MPXV 信号 42307247
11 Six Cases of Borealpox and Evidence of a Zoonotic 未检测到 mpox/monkeypox/MPXV 信号 40920778

期刊分区未核验

序号 题目 期刊 原因 PMID
1 Knowledge and Attitudes of Healthcare Workers Towa Health science reports 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42534696
2 Outbreak preparedness for women and girls in low- BMC global and public hea 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42522032
3 Clinical course and virologic dynamics of Mpox dur Journal of infection and 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42521123
4 The Role of Pharmacists in Tackling Mpox: Challeng Health science reports 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42517023
5 The evolution of tecovirimat resistance in an immu Diagnostic microbiology a 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42497630
6 Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Infectious Disea Environment & health (Was 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42483585
7 The Evolving Landscape of Monkeypox: From Endemic Vector borne and zoonotic 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42474038
8 Severe Mpox and Uncontrolled HIV Co-Infection in L Nigerian medical journal 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42471895
9 Knowledge Level, Attitudes and Practice Towards Mp Journal of preventive med 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42445578
10 Decentralizing testing capacity of mpox in Africa: The Lancet regional healt 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42434479
11 A hybrid machine learning framework with two-step Biochemistry and biophysi 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42434339
12 Developing a Data Set for Mpox Disease: A Scoping Journal of infection in d 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42430531
13 Severe mpox in an immunocompromised, non-traveller Southern African journal 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42428787
14 Ethical approval processes for research during pub Journal of public health 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42427898
15 Implementation of a SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillanc Revista peruana de medici 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42424291
16 MPXV H3L elicits broadly directed CD4 T cell respo Npj viruses 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42414509
17 Hospital Dermatology: Review of Research in 2024-2 Cutis 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42411892
18 Public Health Response to Clade Ib Mpox with Multi NEJM evidence 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42360169
19 Draft genome of Orthopoxvirus monkeypox virus hMpx Microbiology resource ann 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42294668
20 Sexually-acquired genital manifestations of mpox i International journal of 期刊 ISSN 不在高质量杂志参考目录中 42259508

六、最终质量检查

  1. 每篇文献均有 PMID

本报告由自动化文献检索系统生成,检索时间 2026-08-06。所有文献信息均来自 PubMed,期刊分区数据来自 2025 年 Clarivate JCR(2024JIF)。