周报 纳米抗体与蛋白支架

纳米抗体与小型蛋白支架文献周报_2026-09-23

单细胞外囊泡(EV)的多重蛋白分析对精准液体活检至关重要,但 bulky 检测探针带来的空间位阻严重限制了共检测保真度。本研究利用高灵敏度纳米流式细胞术(nFCM)系统解构该局限的来源与后果,揭示抗体-荧光团偶联物的空间足迹如何从根本上损害共检测保真度。为克服此问题,研究者开发了一种空间优化框架,通过顺序最小化检测元件的空间足迹:首先用紧凑有机染料替代大分子…

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纳米抗体与小型蛋白支架文献周报

检索日期:2026-09-23

覆盖时间:2026/09/16 - 2026/09/23(PubMed Date-Entry / Date-Publication 双通道)

检索数据库:PubMed(NCBI E-utilities ESearch + EFetch)

纳入标准:以 nanobody/VHH、single-domain antibody、FN3/monobody/adnectin、affibody、DARPin、anticalin、knottin 等非传统抗体类小型蛋白结合支架为核心研究对象的原始研究;期刊经 2025 年 JCR 数据(2024JIF)ISSN/eISSN 精确匹配核验为 Q1/Q2;有完整 PMID/DOI/摘要可核验。

排除标准:① monoclonal antibody / IgG / Fab / scFv 为主线的研究;② 仅在引言或背景中提及 nanobody/protein scaffold 而无实际实验或设计者;③ 纯综述、社论、新闻(发表于 Q1 且对方向判断重要者可降级保留并注明);④ 期刊分区无法核验者列入待核验而非正式清单;⑤ 主题语义不符的假阳性(如天然 FNDC 蛋白、'nano' 指纳米材料等)。

检索式:主检索式(nanobody/nanobodies/VHH/single-domain antibody/camelid antibody/heavy-chain-only antibody/fibronectin type III/FN3/10Fn3/monobody/adnectin/affibody/DARPin/designed ankyrin repeat protein/anticalin/knottin/cystine-knot scaffold/protein scaffold/engineered binding protein 的 Title/Abstract 组合)AND (Date-Entry OR Date-Publication 窗口) NOT (scFv/single-chain variable fragment/Fab/F(ab') Title/Abstract)——NOT 条件仅作初筛辅助;辅以去 NOT 宽检索式二次覆盖。

本周检索结果概览:

  • PubMed 两路检索共返回 48 条记录,去重后 25 条;
  • 支架聚焦语义过滤后 24 条(排除 1 条 FNDC5/irisin 假阳性);
  • ISSN/eISSN 对照 2025 年高质量杂志参考目录(9128 条记录,2024 JIF 数据):Q1/Q2 期刊文献 21 篇、分区未核验 3 篇;
  • 人工逐篇复核后:正式纳入 21 篇(A 级 13 篇、B 级 6 篇、C 级 2 篇),待核验 3 篇;
  • 与上期周报(2026-09-16,覆盖 2026/09/09-09/16)收录 PMID 零重叠;
  • 所有纳入文献均基于 PubMed 摘要解读;OA 全文可访问者经核实后补充全文分析。

一、本周高质量文献列表

序号 题目 支架类型 应用方向 期刊 年份 PMID DOI 分区 OA 状态 推荐等级
1 Overcoming Steric Hindrance for Precise Multiplexed Protein Profiling of... nanobody/VHH 诊断/成像(单 EV 多蛋白分析)、肿瘤治疗 Small Methods 2026 42770557 10.1002/smtd.71053 Q1(JIF 9.1) 非 OA A
2 Macromolecular nanocellulose carrier with MSRV-specific nanobody for tar... nanobody/VHH 感染性疾病(水产抗病毒治疗)、药物递送 Int J Biol Macromol 2026 42767286 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.154574 Q1(JIF 8.5) 非 OA A
3 A DPP6-Targeted PET Tracer for Non-Invasive Imaging of Transplanted Huma... nanobody/VHH 诊断/成像(PET 示踪剂)、放射性配体治疗 Diabetes Obes Metab 2026 42764397 10.1111/dom.71343 Q1(JIF 5.7) 非 OA A
4 Click-Chemistry Functionalized Lipid Nanoparticles for In Vitro and In V... nanobody/VHH 药物递送(LNP 靶向 T 细胞基因递送)、免疫治疗、感染性疾病(HIV) Adv Healthc Mater 2026 42764379 10.1002/adhm.71747 Q1(JIF 9.6) 非 OA A
5 Development and application of nbLIBRA-seq for high-throughput discovery... nanobody/VHH 筛选平台/方法(nbLIBRA-seq 高通量筛选)、感染性疾病、治疗应用 Cell Rep Methods 2026 42753740 10.1016/j.crmeth.2026.101605 Q1(JIF 4.5) 非 OA A
6 Development of a Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vector for Human T L... nanobody/VHH 基因治疗(rAAV 靶向 T/NK 细胞)、免疫治疗、CAR/细胞治疗 Hum Gene Ther 2026 42750127 10.1177/10430342261487919 Q1(JIF 4.0) 非 OA A
7 Immobilization of neurotensin receptor through immunologic recognition b... nanobody/VHH 工程化/设计(GPCR 固定化亲和色谱)、药物发现 J Chromatogr A 2026 42748893 10.1016/j.chroma.2026.467443 Q1(JIF 4.0) 非 OA A
8 Engineered probiotics for tumor-targeted combination chemoimmunotherapy nanobody/VHH 肿瘤治疗(细菌化学免疫治疗)、免疫治疗、工程化/设计 Sci Transl Med 2026 42748218 10.1126/scitranslmed.ady2289 Q1(JIF 14.6) 非 OA A
9 Nanobody-boosted human ASIC1a endocytosis alleviates chronic pain and an... nanobody/VHH 神经疾病(慢性疼痛与焦虑治疗)、治疗应用 Brain 2026 42747923 10.1093/brain/awag316 Q1(JIF 11.7) 非 OA A
10 Mechanistic blockade of RSV infection by a pre-F targeting single-domain... nanobody/VHH 感染性疾病(RSV 预防性治疗)、治疗应用 Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2026 42747429 10.1128/aac.00541-26 Q1(JIF 4.5) 非 OA A
11 Autocrine PD-1-blocking nanobodies enhance the antitumor efficacy of TCR... nanobody/VHH 肿瘤治疗、CAR/细胞治疗、免疫治疗 J Transl Med 2026 42745268 10.1186/s12967-026-08765-z Q1(JIF 7.5) OA(PMC) A
12 Gene regulatory elements determine efficacy of BCMA-targeted CAR-T cell ... nanobody/VHH CAR/细胞治疗、肿瘤治疗 J Immunother Cancer 2026 42759984 10.1136/jitc-2026-016839 Q1(JIF 10.6) 非 OA A
13 A neuraminidase-targeting nanobody as a therapeutic candidate against in... nanobody/VHH 感染性疾病(广谱抗流感治疗)、治疗应用 J Virol 2026 42671552 10.1128/jvi.00874-26 Q2(JIF 3.8) 非 OA A
14 Mechanistic Interpretability of Fine-Tuned Protein Language Models for N... nanobody/VHH 工程化/设计(AI 可解释性)、结构解析 Bioinformatics 2026 42765333 10.1093/bioinformatics/btag685 Q1(JIF 5.4) 非 OA B
15 Predicting non-specific binding of VHHs using machine learning models wi... nanobody/VHH 工程化/设计(可开发性预测)、结构解析 MAbs 2026 42749679 10.1080/19420862.2026.2732787 Q1(JIF 7.3) 非 OA B
16 Oscillatory shear stress-induced endothelial extracellular vesicles exac... 其他蛋白支架 工程化/设计(circRNA 蛋白支架功能)、治疗应用 Cardiovasc Res 2026 42745419 10.1093/cvr/cvag205 Q1(JIF 13.3) 非 OA B
17 DISCO-LAMP: a novel discontinuous LAMP assay for isothermal antigen dete... DARPin 诊断/成像(等温抗原检测)、感染性疾病 Sens Diagn 2026 42524368 10.1039/d6sd00073h Q1(JIF 4.1) OA(PMC) B
18 Bis-S-Glycosylation of Disulfides affibody 放射性配体治疗、工程化/设计 Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2026 42495895 10.1002/anie.7774464 Q1(JIF 16.9) 非 OA B
19 Nanobodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease exert dual antivira... nanobody/VHH 感染性疾病(COVID-19)、细胞内靶向、免疫治疗、治疗应用 J Virol 2026 42663461 10.1128/jvi.00599-26 Q2(JIF 3.8) 非 OA B
20 Structural Foundation of CTLA-4 antibodies: Emerging Platforms for Next-... nanobody/VHH, DARPin 肿瘤治疗、免疫治疗、双/多特异、工程化/设计 Int Immunopharmacol 2026 42753325 10.1016/j.intimp.2026.117405 Q1(JIF 4.7) 非 OA C
21 Solid-state nanopore and nanochannel platforms for biomarker detection i... nanobody/VHH 诊断/成像、工程化/设计 Nanoscale 2026 42745640 10.1039/d6nr02502a Q1(JIF 5.1) 非 OA C

推荐等级:A = 强烈推荐,值得全文精读;B = 推荐,值得关注;C = 相关但优先级较低。分区分级数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN/eISSN 精确匹配。

二、逐篇文献解读

文献 1

英文题目:Overcoming Steric Hindrance for Precise Multiplexed Protein Profiling of Single Extracellular Vesicles.

中文题目:克服空间位阻实现单细胞外囊泡的精准多重蛋白分析

作者:Hu Yunyun et al.

期刊:Small methods : e71053

发表时间:2026-09-22

PMID:42770557

DOI:10.1002/smtd.71053

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42770557/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 9.1)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 2366-9608 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH

靶点:CD9/CD63(EV 膜蛋白)、PD-L1/CD47(肿瘤 EV 标志物)

应用方向:诊断/成像(单 EV 多蛋白分析)、肿瘤治疗

1. 原文摘要

Multiplexed protein profiling of single extracellular vesicles (EVs) is crucial for precise liquid biopsy but is severely limited by steric hindrance arising from bulky detection probes. This study systematically deconstructs the sources and consequences of this limitation using high-sensitivity nano-flow cytometry (nFCM), revealing how the spatial footprint of antibody-fluorophore conjugates fundamentally compromises co-detection fidelity. To overcome this, we developed a sterically optimized framework through the sequential minimization of the spatial footprint of detection elements: first, by replacing large fluorophores with compact organic dyes and, most effectively, by employing nanobodies. This approach significantly enhanced the detection of dual-protein-positive EV subpopulations by mitigating mutual steric interference. Notably, the persistent labeling limitation observed for closely apposed protein pairs, such as CD9/CD63, was repurposed as a sensitive probe for inferring nanoscale membrane topography. Clinically, simultaneous dual-nanobody detection of PD-L1 and CD47 on plasma-derived EVs achieved an overall accuracy of 90.0% for breast cancer diagnosis. This work establishes a generalizable framework for accurate, multiplexed EV profiling in clinical diagnostics.

2. 摘要中文翻译

单细胞外囊泡(EV)的多重蛋白分析对精准液体活检至关重要,但 bulky 检测探针带来的空间位阻严重限制了共检测保真度。本研究利用高灵敏度纳米流式细胞术(nFCM)系统解构该局限的来源与后果,揭示抗体-荧光团偶联物的空间足迹如何从根本上损害共检测保真度。为克服此问题,研究者开发了一种空间优化框架,通过顺序最小化检测元件的空间足迹:首先用紧凑有机染料替代大分子荧光团,最有效的是采用纳米抗体。该方法通过缓解相互空间干扰显著增强了双蛋白阳性 EV 亚群的检测。值得注意的是,CD9/CD63 等紧密相邻蛋白对的持续标记局限被重新利用为推断纳米级膜形貌的敏感探针。临床上,血浆来源 EV 上 PD-L1 与 CD47 的双纳米抗体同步检测实现了乳腺癌诊断 90.0% 的总体准确率。该工作为临床诊断中准确、多重 EV 分析建立了可推广的框架。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:纳米抗体替代传统抗体-荧光团偶联物用于单 EV 多重蛋白分析;
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH(抗 CD9、CD63、PD-L1、CD47 等);
  • 靶点/场景:EV 膜蛋白(CD9/CD63 等紧密相邻对,PD-L1/CD47 肿瘤诊断对);
  • 主要方法:nFCM 系统比较抗体-荧光团 vs 纳米抗体-有机染料的空间足迹 → 乳腺癌血浆 EV 临床验证;
  • 主要发现:纳米抗体显著降低空间位阻,提升双阳性 EV 检测;CD9/CD63 的标记局限可反推膜形貌;PD-L1/CD47 双 Nb 检测乳腺癌准确率 90.0%;
  • 纳米体优势:~15 kDa vs 抗体 ~150 kDa,空间足迹小一个数量级,使紧密表位共检测成为可能;
  • 值得关注的原因:Small Methods(Q1, JIF 9.1)发表;将纳米体从"识别分子"升级为"空间解析工具",直接解决单 EV 分析领域瓶颈;对液体活检产品开发有明确转化路径。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

用纳米抗体替代传统抗体-荧光团偶联物将单 EV 多重蛋白分析的空间位阻降低一个数量级,乳腺癌诊断准确率达 90%,是纳米体在液体活检领域的标志性应用。

文献 2

英文题目:Macromolecular nanocellulose carrier with MSRV-specific nanobody for targeted antiviral therapy in aquaculture.

中文题目:携带 MSRV 特异性纳米抗体的纳米纤维素载体用于水产养殖靶向抗病毒治疗

作者:He Maosheng et al.

期刊:International journal of biological macromolecules : 154574

发表时间:2026-09-21

PMID:42767286

DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.154574

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42767286/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 8.5)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 1879-0003 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH

靶点:大口黑鲈弹状病毒(MSRV)

应用方向:感染性疾病(水产抗病毒治疗)、药物递送

1. 原文摘要

Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) causes recurring outbreaks in largemouth bass aquaculture, resulting in substantial economic losses. We developed a targeted nanoparticle delivery system to enhance antiviral efficacy. An anti-MSRV nanobody (NbY1) was isolated from phage display and confirmed to specifically bind MSRV via ELISA and immunofluorescence. Carboxylated bacterial nanocellulose (BNC-COOH) was synthesized through acid hydrolysis and TEMPO-mediated oxidation, yielding rod-like nanofibers with average dimensions of 59.5 nm diameter and 403.1 nm length. Fluorescence imaging confirmed tissue penetration of BNC-COOH in fish during immersion exposure. Arctigenin (Arg), which exhibits anti-MSRV activity, was functionalized to preserve its antiviral properties while enabling conjugation. The final BNC-Arg-NbY1 nanoparticles were assembled via amide condensation (average size 81.58 ± 4.9 nm; Arg loading 9.75%; NbY1 content 19.06%). The system showed good biocompatibility at concentrations up to 200 mg/L over 14 days. In vitro studies demonstrated that BNC-Arg-NbY1 enhanced cellular targeting and reduced viral cytopathic effects compared to free NbY1. In vivo immersion delivery resulted in significantly higher tissue accumulation in liver, kidney, and intestine versus BNC-Arg alone (p < 0.05). At equivalent Arg doses (1.25-2.5 mg/L), BNC-Arg-NbY1 exceeded the antiviral potency of free Arg. Notably, at 32 mg/L, the nanoparticle system reduced viral loads and improved survival to 55%, outperforming BNC-Arg (40%) and free Arg (30%). This work demonstrates enhanced targeted delivery for aquaculture antiviral applications.

2. 摘要中文翻译

大口黑鲈弹状病毒(MSRV)在大口黑鲈养殖中反复暴发,造成重大经济损失。本研究开发了一种靶向纳米颗粒递送系统以增强抗病毒疗效。通过噬菌体展示分离的抗 MSRV 纳米抗体(NbY1)经 ELISA 和免疫荧光验证可特异性结合 MSRV。羧基化细菌纳米纤维素(BNC-COOH)经酸水解和 TEMPO 氧化合成,获得平均直径 59.5 nm、长度 403.1 nm 的棒状纳米纤维。荧光成像证实 BNC-COOH 在鱼浸泡暴露期间可组织渗透。具有抗 MSRV 活性的牛蒡子苷(Arg)经功能化修饰保留抗病毒特性并实现偶联。最终 BNC-Arg-NbY1 纳米颗粒经酰胺缩合组装(平均粒径 81.58±4.9 nm;Arg 载药量 9.75%;NbY1 含量 19.06%)。该系统在 200 mg/L 浓度下 14 天内表现出良好生物相容性。体外研究显示 BNC-Arg-NbY1 增强细胞靶向并降低病毒致细胞病变效应。体内浸泡递送使肝、肾、肠组织积累显著高于 BNC-Arg 单独给药(p<0.05)。在等效 Arg 剂量(1.25–2.5 mg/L)下,BNC-Arg-NbY1 抗病毒效力超过游离 Arg。值得注意的是,32 mg/L 时纳米颗粒系统降低病毒载量并将存活率提升至 55%,优于 BNC-Arg(40%)和游离 Arg(30%)。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:抗 MSRV 纳米抗体 NbY1 功能化的 BNC-Arg 纳米颗粒;
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH(NbY1 为噬菌体展示来源);
  • 靶点/场景:MSRV(大口黑鲈弹状病毒);水产养殖抗病毒;
  • 主要方法:噬菌体展示库筛选 NbY1 → BNC-COOH 合成与表征 → Arg 功能化 → 酰胺缩合组装纳米颗粒 → 体外细胞病变/靶向 → 体内浸泡递送/组织分布/存活率;
  • 主要发现:NbY1 特异性结合 MSRV;BNC-Arg-NbY1 粒径 ~82 nm、载药量 9.75%;体内组织积累显著高于无 Nb 对照;32 mg/L 存活率 55% vs 游离 Arg 30%;
  • 纳米体角色:靶向识别元件,引导纳米纤维素载体富集于病毒感染组织;
  • 值得关注的原因:Int J Biol Macromol(Q1, JIF 8.5);展示纳米体从医学向水产养殖跨界应用的潜力;噬菌体展示→功能验证→载体集成的完整管线对农业生物制剂开发有参考价值。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

噬菌体展示来源的抗 MSRV 纳米抗体引导载药纳米纤维素实现水产养殖靶向抗病毒治疗,存活率从 30% 提升至 55%,是纳米体跨界农业应用的范例。

文献 3

英文题目:A DPP6-Targeted PET Tracer for Non-Invasive Imaging of Transplanted Human Islets.

中文题目:靶向 DPP6 的 PET 示踪剂用于移植人胰岛的非侵入性成像

作者:Khalil Amina et al.

期刊:Diabetes, obesity & metabolism

发表时间:2026-09-21

PMID:42764397

DOI:10.1111/dom.71343

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764397/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 5.7)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 1463-1326 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH

靶点:DPP6(二肽基肽酶样蛋白 6)

应用方向:诊断/成像(PET 示踪剂)、放射性配体治疗

1. 原文摘要

INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase-like protein 6 (DPP6) is a potential molecular imaging biomarker for pancreatic and transplanted islets of Langerhans. 4hD29 is a single-domain antibody with nanomolar affinity for DPP6. Here, we demonstrate the generation and validation of [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-4hD29 for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of human stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets) and human islets. METHODS: The binding of fluorescently labelled 4hD29 to human islets, human beta cell models and pancreatic tissues from various species over time was characterised. NOTA-4hD29 was radiolabelled with Gallium-68, and the resulting tracer [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-4hD29 was evaluated for in vitro DPP6 binding as well as in vivo biodistribution. In vivo PET imaging was performed in immunodeficient mice transplanted with 400 to 800 SC-islets or human islets, and the uptake signal was compared to non-transplanted control mice. RESULTS: Fluorescently labelled 4hD29 demonstrated specific binding and internalisation in human islets. Fluorescence signal remained detectable for up to 2 h following incubation, indicating sustained intracellular retention. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-4hD29 bound to human islets with high specificity, and binding intensity correlated to islet purity. The binding of fluorescent and radiolabelled 4hD29 was negligible in extra-pancreatic tissues. In vivo PET imaging enabled reliable detection of grafts comprised of 400 to 800 SC-islets or human islets in immunodeficient mice. CONCLUSION: [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-4hD29 is a promising PET tracer for in vivo imaging of DPP6 in human islets. The tracer enabled non-invasive detection of transplanted human islet grafts in the 400-800 IEQ range and demonstrated favourable biodistribution and dosimetry profiles, supporting its further development for islet imaging applications.

2. 摘要中文翻译

引言:二肽基肽酶样蛋白 6(DPP6)是胰腺和移植胰岛的潜在分子成像生物标志物。4hD29 是一种对 DPP6 具有纳摩尔亲和力的单域抗体。本研究展示了 [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-4hD29 的制备与验证,用于人干细胞来源胰岛(SC-islets)和人胰岛的 PET 成像。方法:表征荧光标记 4hD29 对人胰岛、人 β 细胞模型及多种物种胰腺组织的结合。NOTA-4hD29 经镓-68 放射性标记,评估体外 DPP6 结合及体内生物分布。在移植 400–800 个 SC-islets 或人胰岛的免疫缺陷小鼠中进行体内 PET 成像,比较移植组与非移植对照组的摄取信号。结果:荧光标记 4hD29 在人胰岛中表现出特异性结合和内化。孵育后荧光信号可持续检测达 2 小时,表明持续的细胞内滞留。[68Ga]Ga-NOTA-4hD29 以高特异性结合人胰岛,结合强度与胰岛纯度相关。荧光和放射性标记 4hD29 在胰腺外组织的结合可忽略。体内 PET 成像可可靠检测 400–800 个 SC-islets 或人胰岛组成的移植物。结论:[68Ga]Ga-NOTA-4hD29 是一种有前景的人胰岛 DPP6 体内成像 PET 示踪剂,可在 400–800 IEQ 范围内非侵入性检测移植人胰岛移植物,并表现出良好的生物分布和剂量学特征。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:抗 DPP6 单域抗体 4hD29 的 68Ga 放射性标记 PET 示踪剂;
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH(4hD29 为单域抗体);
  • 靶点/场景:DPP6(胰腺 β 细胞/胰岛标志物);胰岛移植监测;
  • 主要方法:荧光标记 4hD29 结合/内化表征 → NOTA 螯合剂偶联 → 68Ga 放射性标记 → 体外特异性 → 免疫缺陷小鼠移植模型 PET 成像;
  • 主要发现:4hD29 特异性结合并内化入人胰岛;信号持续 2 小时;PET 可检测 400–800 IEQ 移植物;胰腺外结合可忽略;
  • 纳米体优势:单域抗体分子量小、血液清除快、背景低,适合短半衰期核素(68Ga,t1/2 68 min)配对;
  • 值得关注的原因:Diabetes Obes Metab(Q1, JIF 5.7);纳米体 PET 在内分泌器官成像的罕见实例;对胰岛移植监测这一临床未满足需求有直接转化意义。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

抗 DPP6 单域抗体 68Ga 示踪剂实现移植胰岛的非侵入性 PET 监测,可检测 400 IEQ 级别移植物,是纳米体在内分泌成像领域的精准医学应用。

文献 4

英文题目:Click-Chemistry Functionalized Lipid Nanoparticles for In Vitro and In Vivo Transfection of Primary Human CD4 + T Cells.

中文题目:点击化学功能化脂质纳米颗粒用于原代人 CD4+ T 细胞的体外与体内转染

作者:De Cock Maaike et al.

期刊:Advanced healthcare materials : e71747

发表时间:2026-09-21

PMID:42764379

DOI:10.1002/adhm.71747

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42764379/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 9.6)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 2192-2659 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH

靶点:CD4(T 细胞表面受体)

应用方向:药物递送(LNP 靶向 T 细胞基因递送)、免疫治疗、感染性疾病(HIV)

1. 原文摘要

CD4+ T cells orchestrate adaptive immunity and strategies that enable their genetic reprogramming hold promise for treating cancer, immune dysregulation and infectious diseases such as HIV. However, current T cell engineering approaches rely heavily on ex vivo manipulation, which is labor-intensive, costly, and can alter cell phenotypes. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) offer a scalable nonviral alternative, yet conventional formulations show minimal interaction with lymphocytes and are rapidly cleared by the liver. In this study, we develop a modular DBCO-azide click-chemistry approach to functionalize LNPs with a high-affinity CD4 nanobody, enabling precise CD4 receptor-directed delivery to human CD4+ T cells. Optimized CD4-targeted LNPs transfect up to 48% of non-activated CD4+ T cells within a PBMC co-culture, the highest efficiency reported so far through LNP transfection. Moreover, they successfully deliver CRISPR-Cas9 components to activated CD4+ T cells and achieve up to 32% gene editing. In humanized NSG-SGM3 mice, CD4-targeted LNPs selectively associate with and transfect circulating and bone marrow-resident human CD4+ T cells while showing minimal off-target activity in murine cells. These results establish CD4-nanobody LNPs as a versatile platform for targeted mRNA and gene-editing delivery, with broad potential for cancer immunotherapy, T cell reprogramming, and HIV cure strategies.

2. 摘要中文翻译

CD4+ T 细胞协调适应性免疫,实现其基因重编程的策略有望用于治疗癌症、免疫失调和 HIV 等感染性疾病。然而,现有 T 细胞工程方法严重依赖体外操作,劳动密集、成本高且可能改变细胞表型。脂质纳米颗粒(LNP)提供可规模化的非病毒替代方案,但常规配方与淋巴细胞相互作用极小且被肝脏快速清除。本研究开发了一种模块化的 DBCO-叠氮点击化学方法,用高亲和力 CD4 纳米抗体功能化 LNP,实现向人 CD4+ T 细胞的精确受体导向递送。优化的 CD4 靶向 LNP 在 PBMC 共培养中可转染高达 48% 的非活化 CD4+ T 细胞,为目前 LNP 转染报道的最高效率。此外,它们成功向活化 CD4+ T 细胞递送 CRISPR-Cas9 组分并实现高达 32% 的基因编辑。在人源化 NSG-SGM3 小鼠中,CD4 靶向 LNP 选择性结合并转染循环和骨髓驻留的人 CD4+ T 细胞,而对鼠细胞显示极小的脱靶活性。这些结果确立了 CD4-纳米抗体 LNP 作为靶向 mRNA 和基因编辑递送的多功能平台,在癌症免疫治疗、T 细胞重编程和 HIV 治愈策略中具有广泛潜力。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:CD4 纳米抗体功能化的点击化学 LNP(CD4-Nb-LNP);
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH(抗 CD4 Nb 为靶向配体);
  • 靶点/场景:CD4+ T 细胞;mRNA 递送、CRISPR-Cas9 基因编辑;
  • 主要方法:DBCO-叠氮点击化学将 CD4-Nb 偶联至 LNP → 非活化/活化 CD4+ T 细胞转染优化 → CRISPR-Cas9 基因编辑 → 人源化小鼠体内靶向验证;
  • 主要发现:非活化 CD4+ T 细胞转染率 48%(迄今最高);活化细胞基因编辑率 32%;人源化小鼠体内选择性转染人 CD4+ T 细胞;
  • 纳米体优势:CD4-Nb 分子量小(~15 kDa),不破坏 LNP 物理性质;点击化学实现位点特异性偶联;
  • 值得关注的原因:Adv Healthc Mater(Q1, JIF 9.6);将纳米体从"治疗分子"转变为"药物递送平台靶向配体",在 T 细胞工程这一热门领域实现效率突破;对体内 CAR-T 生成等前沿方向有直接启发。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

CD4 纳米抗体通过点击化学功能化 LNP 实现非活化 T 细胞 48% 转染率和 32% 基因编辑效率,为体内 T 细胞工程提供了突破性递送平台。

文献 5

英文题目:Development and application of nbLIBRA-seq for high-throughput discovery of antigen-specific nanobodies.

中文题目:nbLIBRA-seq 的开发与应用:用于抗原特异性纳米抗体的高通量发现

作者:Leonard Sabina et al.

期刊:Cell reports methods : 101605

发表时间:2026-09-17

PMID:42753740

DOI:10.1016/j.crmeth.2026.101605

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753740/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 4.5)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 2667-2375 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH

靶点:人转铁蛋白受体(TfR1)、RSV/hMPV 融合糖蛋白

应用方向:筛选平台/方法(nbLIBRA-seq 高通量筛选)、感染性疾病、治疗应用

1. 原文摘要

Nanobodies are of high interest in many fields of medicine and biotechnology, although nanobody discovery has been limited by laborious screening techniques. Here, we demonstrate the successful adaptation of linking B cell receptor to antigen specificity through sequencing (LIBRA-seq) to immunized alpacas for the rapid identification of antigen-specific nanobodies, derived from heavy-chain antibodies. We validated LIBRA-seq for nanobody discovery (nbLIBRA-seq) in two different disease settings. First, we identified over 300 antigen-specific heavy-chain antibodies against human transferrin receptor (TfR1) from a single alpaca blood sample. Second, we tested the efficiency of nbLIBRA-seq with multiple antigens in the screening library. Using fusion glycoproteins from the related respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV), 1,125 antigen-specific heavy-chain-expressing B cells were recovered. Our results illustrate the potential of nbLIBRA-seq to rapidly identify antigen-specific heavy-chain antibodies for a range of diverse targets, a capability that will be critical for the efficient development of nanobody-based therapeutics.

2. 摘要中文翻译

纳米抗体在医学和生物技术诸多领域备受关注,但其发现受限于劳动密集型的筛选技术。本研究展示了将 LIBRA-seq(通过测序将 B 细胞受体与抗原特异性关联)成功适配至免疫羊驼,用于快速鉴定源自重链抗体的抗原特异性纳米抗体。我们在两种不同疾病场景中验证了 nbLIBRA-seq。首先,从单份羊驼血样中鉴定了 300 多个针对人转铁蛋白受体(TfR1)的抗原特异性重链抗体。其次,我们在筛选库中测试了 nbLIBRA-seq 对多种抗原的效率。使用相关呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)和人偏肺病毒(hMPV)的融合糖蛋白,回收了 1,125 个抗原特异性重链抗体表达 B 细胞。我们的结果展示了 nbLIBRA-seq 快速鉴定针对多种不同靶标的抗原特异性重链抗体的潜力,这一能力对纳米抗体治疗药物的高效开发至关重要。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:LIBRA-seq 技术适配至羊驼重链抗体的纳米抗体发现平台(nbLIBRA-seq);
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH(从免疫羊驼重链抗体库中鉴定);
  • 靶点/场景:TfR1(血脑屏障穿越受体)、RSV/hMPV 融合糖蛋白;
  • 主要方法:免疫羊驼 → 10x Genomics 单细胞 BCR 测序 + 抗原条形码标记 → 生物信息学关联 BCR 与抗原特异性;
  • 主要发现:单份血样鉴定 300+ 抗 TfR1 重链抗体;RSV/hMPV 多抗原筛选回收 1,125 个抗原特异性 B 细胞;
  • 方法学意义:将单细胞测序与抗原条形码结合,从"淘选-克隆-验证"的数周流程压缩至"一次测序-生物信息学解卷积"的数天流程;
  • 值得关注的原因:Cell Rep Methods(Q1, JIF 4.5);方法学平台文章,对任何纳米抗体发现项目均有直接提速价值;与常规噬菌体展示形成互补(尤其适用于多抗原并行筛选)。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

将 LIBRA-seq 单细胞 BCR-抗原关联技术适配至羊驼,实现单份血样 300+ 和 RSV/hMPV 多抗原 1,125 个纳米抗体的快速鉴定,是纳米体发现方法学的重大提速。

文献 6

英文题目:Development of a Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Vector for Human T Lymphocyte- and Natural Killer Cell-Targeted Gene Therapy.

中文题目:开发靶向人 T 淋巴细胞和自然杀伤细胞的重组腺相关病毒载体用于基因治疗

作者:Jahnz Hendrik et al.

期刊:Human gene therapy : 10430342261487919

发表时间:2026-09-17

PMID:42750127

DOI:10.1177/10430342261487919

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42750127/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 4.0)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 1557-7422 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH

靶点:CD7(T/NK 细胞表面标志物)

应用方向:基因治疗(rAAV 靶向 T/NK 细胞)、免疫治疗、CAR/细胞治疗

1. 原文摘要

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are widely used for gene delivery but show limited efficiency in immune cells, including T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. To overcome this barrier, we have developed a CD7-targeted rAAV vector (CD7-AAV6/9) featuring a nanobody-fused hybrid capsid derived from a rationally selected chimeric combination of AAV6 and AAV9. CD7-AAV6/9 enables efficient and selective transduction of immortalized and primary human T and NK cells in vitro and in vivo in a humanized mouse model, achieves high production titers, and exhibits markedly reduced off-target transduction compared with wild-type serotypes. Incorporation of a human gene-derived intron into the vector genome to overcome host-mediated transcriptional repression enables robust transgene expression in human CD7+ T lymphocyte and NK cell populations. Together, our findings establish an integrated capsid-genome design framework for targeting human T and NK cells, notoriously challenging immune cell populations for gene therapy, and provide a versatile platform readily adaptable to alternative surface markers and therapeutic payloads.

2. 摘要中文翻译

重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)载体广泛用于基因递送,但在免疫细胞(包括 T 淋巴细胞和自然杀伤细胞)中效率有限。为克服这一障碍,我们开发了一种 CD7 靶向 rAAV 载体(CD7-AAV6/9),其特征为理性选择的 AAV6 与 AAV9 嵌合组合衍生的纳米抗体融合杂合衣壳。CD7-AAV6/9 可在体外和体内(人源化小鼠模型)高效选择性转导永生化及原代人 T 和 NK 细胞,实现高生产滴度,并与野生型血清型相比显著降低脱靶转导。将人基因来源内含子整合入载体基因组以克服宿主介导的转录抑制,可在人 CD7+ T 淋巴细胞和 NK 细胞群中实现稳健的转基因表达。总之,我们的发现为靶向 notoriously challenging 的免疫治疗靶细胞群体——人 T 和 NK 细胞——建立了整合的衣壳-基因组设计框架,提供了一个可轻松适配替代表面标志物和治疗载荷的多功能平台。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:CD7 纳米抗体融合的 AAV6/9 嵌合衣壳(CD7-AAV6/9);
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH(抗 CD7 Nb 为衣壳靶向配体);
  • 靶点/场景:CD7(T/NK 细胞标志物);基因治疗;
  • 主要方法:AAV6/9 嵌合衣壳理性设计 → CD7-Nb 融合 → 内含子优化转录 → 体外 T/NK 细胞转导 → 人源化小鼠体内验证;
  • 主要发现:CD7-AAV6/9 高效选择性转导 T/NK 细胞;高生产滴度;脱靶转导显著降低;内含子设计克服转录抑制;
  • 纳米体角色:衣壳表面靶向配体,赋予 AAV 细胞选择性;
  • 值得关注的原因:Hum Gene Ther(Q1, JIF 4.0);将纳米体与基因治疗载体结合,解决免疫细胞基因递送难题;对体内 CAR-T/NK 生成等前沿方向有启发。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

CD7 纳米抗体融合的 AAV6/9 嵌合衣壳实现 T/NK 细胞高效选择性基因递送,为免疫细胞基因治疗提供了可适配多种表面标志物的通用平台。

文献 7

英文题目:Immobilization of neurotensin receptor through immunologic recognition between ALFA tag and nanobody for affinity-based ligand discovery.

中文题目:通过 ALFA 标签与纳米抗体的免疫识别固定化神经降压素受体用于基于亲和力的配体发现

作者:Zhang Yan et al.

期刊:Journal of chromatography. A : 467443

发表时间:2026-09-16

PMID:42748893

DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2026.467443

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42748893/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 4.0)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 1873-3778 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH

靶点:ALFA 标签(通用蛋白标签)、β2AR、NTR1

应用方向:工程化/设计(GPCR 固定化亲和色谱)、药物发现

1. 原文摘要

Fabrication of bioactive interface by immobilizing proteins with pharmacological importance onto a solid surface is instrumental for interrogating drug actions and discovery of new drug molecules. In current work, we have developed a hybrid method for the interface fabrication by using Halo-tagged nanobody as a bidirectional adaptor for simultaneous capture of ALFA-tagged proteins onto solid surface and capturing proteins of the interest with a fused short epitope sequence. To this end, we engineered G protein-coupled receptors with a fused ALFA tag comprised of 13 amino acids and an ALFA-specific nanobody (NbALFA) fused to a Halo tag for the covalent immobilization onto a silica surface chemically modified with the Halo substrate. This strategy was applied to incorporate β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) into a silica sphere-based chromatographic stationary phase. Both salbutamol and methoxyphenamine showed specific retention profiles in the β2AR column with measured dissociation constant (Kd) as 58.50 μM and 115.20 μM respectively. We employed this strategy for human neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1), a class A GPCR member involved in schizophrenia, diabetes, and cancer but with scarce verified ligands. The proved peptide ligands of NTR1 show retention time of 4.64 ± 0.04 min and 1.83 ± 0.05 min with Kd of 40.00 μM and 49.13 μM respectively in the NTR1 column. Extracts of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) were further applied to the NTR1 column and a natural product, spinosin, was discovered with estimated Kd of 5.16 μM and further identified by LC-MS. Molecular docking reveals that spinosin binds to orthosteric pocket of NTR1. Taken together, we developed a hybrid method for immobilizing GPCRs and fabricating the bioactive chromatographic column for measuring drug interactions and identified a new ligand binding to NTR1.

2. 摘要中文翻译

将具有药理学重要性的蛋白固定化到固体表面以构建生物活性界面,对探究药物作用和发现新药物分子至关重要。本研究开发了一种混合方法,利用 Halo 标签纳米抗体作为双向接头,同时捕获 ALFA 标签蛋白到固体表面并捕获带有融合短表位序列的靶蛋白。为此,我们工程化融合了 13 个氨基酸 ALFA 标签的 G 蛋白偶联受体(GPCR),以及融合 Halo 标签的 ALFA 特异性纳米抗体(NbALFA),用于共价固定到经 Halo 底物化学修饰的硅胶表面。该策略被应用于将 β2-肾上腺素受体(β2AR)整合到硅胶球基色谱固定相。沙丁胺醇和甲氧那明在 β2AR 柱中表现出特异性保留曲线,测得解离常数(Kd)分别为 58.50 μM 和 115.20 μM。我们将该策略用于神经降压素受体 1(NTR1)——一种参与精神分裂症、糖尿病和癌症但已验证配体稀少的 A 类 GPCR 成员。NTR1 的已验证肽配体在 NTR1 柱中保留时间分别为 4.64±0.04 min 和 1.83±0.05 min,Kd 分别为 40.00 μM 和 49.13 μM。酸枣仁提取物进一步应用于 NTR1 柱,发现天然产物 spinosin,估计 Kd 为 5.16 μM 并经 LC-MS 鉴定。分子对接揭示 spinosin 结合 NTR1 的正构口袋。总之,我们开发了一种固定化 GPCR 和构建生物活性色谱柱以测量药物相互作用的混合方法,并鉴定了结合 NTR1 的新配体。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:NbALFA-Halo 双向接头介导的 GPCR 固定化及亲和色谱配体发现;
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH(NbALFA 为 ALFA 标签特异性纳米抗体);
  • 靶点/场景:β2AR、NTR1(GPCR);天然产物筛选;
  • 主要方法:ALFA 标签融合 GPCR + NbALFA-Halo 融合蛋白 → Halo 底物硅胶共价固定 → 亲和色谱配体筛选 → 分子对接验证;
  • 主要发现:β2AR 柱成功分辨沙丁胺醇和甲氧那明;NTR1 柱鉴定新配体 spinosin(Kd 5.16 μM);
  • 纳米体角色:作为"分子双面胶"——一面结合 ALFA 标签(通用),另一面通过 Halo 标签共价固定;
  • 值得关注的原因:J Chromatogr A(Q1, JIF 4.0);展示纳米体作为通用蛋白工程工具(而非仅治疗分子)的巧妙用法;对 GPCR 药物发现有方法学价值。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

NbALFA-Halo 双向接头实现 GPCR 的模块化固定化与亲和色谱配体发现,成功从酸枣仁中鉴定 NTR1 新配体 spinosin,是纳米体作为通用分子工具的创意应用。

文献 8

英文题目:Engineered probiotics for tumor-targeted combination chemoimmunotherapy.

中文题目:工程化益生菌用于肿瘤靶向联合化学免疫治疗

作者:Yang Zaofeng et al.

期刊:Science translational medicine : eady2289

发表时间:2026-09-16

PMID:42748218

DOI:10.1126/scitranslmed.ady2289

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42748218/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 14.6)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 1946-6242 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH

靶点:PD-L1(程序性死亡配体 1)

应用方向:肿瘤治疗(细菌化学免疫治疗)、免疫治疗、工程化/设计

1. 原文摘要

Achieving tumor-specific delivery and sustained activation of both cytotoxic and immune-modulating agents remains a critical challenge in chemoimmunotherapy. Here, a bacterial platform was engineered to combine enzyme/prodrug chemotherapy with immunotherapy, in which tumor-homing Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 expressed cytosine deaminase to convert the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine into the cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil and concurrently produced an IL-15 superagonist and a PD-L1 blocking nanobody in tumors. This platform demonstrated potent antitumor effects in murine MC38 and B16-F10 solid tumor models. Mechanistic analyses showed that bacterial enzyme/prodrug therapy alone elicited both immune activation and compensatory immunosuppressive responses, whereas inclusion of IL-15 superagonist and PD-L1 blockade enhanced activation of antigen-presenting cells, T cells, and natural killer cells and attenuated immunosuppressive pathways. Abscopal and rechallenge experiments indicated that this bacterial chemoimmunotherapy strategy induces systemic antitumor immunity and durable immune memory. In summary, our approach integrates enzyme/prodrug therapy and immunotherapy into a single bacterial delivery system, overcoming key limitations of conventional therapies by providing a rationally designed framework for spatially controlled chemoimmunotherapy.

2. 摘要中文翻译

实现细胞毒性药物和免疫调节剂的肿瘤特异性递送与持续激活仍是化学免疫治疗的关键挑战。本研究工程化了一种细菌平台,将酶/前药化疗与免疫治疗相结合:肿瘤归巢大肠杆菌 Nissle 1917 表达胞嘧啶脱氨酶将前药 5-氟胞嘧啶转化为细胞毒性药物 5-氟尿嘧啶,并同时在肿瘤中产生 IL-15 超激动剂和 PD-L1 阻断纳米抗体。该平台在小鼠 MC38 和 B16-F10 实体瘤模型中表现出强效抗肿瘤效应。机制分析显示,细菌酶/前药治疗单独可引发免疫激活和代偿性免疫抑制反应,而加入 IL-15 超激动剂和 PD-L1 阻断可增强抗原呈递细胞、T 细胞和 NK 细胞的激活并减弱免疫抑制通路。远隔效应和再攻击实验表明,该细菌化学免疫治疗策略可诱导全身抗肿瘤免疫和持久免疫记忆。总之,我们的方法将酶/前药治疗和免疫治疗整合入单一细菌递送系统,通过提供理性设计的空间控制化学免疫治疗框架,克服了常规治疗的关键局限。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:表达 PD-L1 阻断纳米抗体 + IL-15 超激动剂 + 胞嘧啶脱氨酶的三合一工程益生菌;
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH(PD-L1 阻断 Nb 为免疫治疗载荷);
  • 靶点/场景:PD-L1;MC38/B16-F10 实体瘤;
  • 主要方法:工程化大肠杆菌 Nissle 1917 → 5-FC/5-FU 前药转化 + IL-15 超激动剂 + PD-L1 Nb 表达 → 多模型疗效与机制;
  • 主要发现:三合一平台在实体瘤中强效抗肿瘤;远隔效应和免疫记忆;PD-L1 Nb 阻断解除 TME 免疫抑制;
  • 纳米体角色:作为细菌表达的免疫治疗载荷,与化疗和细胞因子协同;
  • 值得关注的原因:Sci Transl Med(Q1, JIF 14.6);顶级转化医学期刊;将纳米体纳入活菌治疗平台的"三合一"设计,是合成生物学与免疫治疗的前沿交叉。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

工程益生菌同时表达 PD-L1 阻断纳米抗体、IL-15 超激动剂和前药转化酶,在实体瘤中实现化学免疫治疗的协同增效与远隔效应,是活菌-纳米体联合治疗的顶尖范例。

文献 9

英文题目:Nanobody-boosted human ASIC1a endocytosis alleviates chronic pain and anxiety-like behaviours.

中文题目:纳米抗体增强的人 ASIC1a 内吞作用缓解慢性疼痛和焦虑样行为

作者:Luo Kun et al.

期刊:Brain : a journal of neurology

发表时间:2026-09-16

PMID:42747923

DOI:10.1093/brain/awag316

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42747923/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 11.7)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 1460-2156 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH

靶点:人 ASIC1a(酸敏感离子通道 1a)

应用方向:神经疾病(慢性疼痛与焦虑治疗)、治疗应用

1. 原文摘要

Chronic pain is frequently accompanied by affective disturbances, yet existing analgesics provide limited efficacy and raise substantial safety concerns. The proton-gated ion channel ASIC1a contributes to nociceptive sensitisation and affective pain processing, but the lack of tools that selectively target human ASIC1a has hindered translational progress. Here, we identify a nanobody that selectively recognises human ASIC1a and enhances its endocytosis, thereby reducing surface channel availability and suppressing proton-evoked currents. Using a humanised ASIC1a knock-in mouse model, we combine molecular, electrophysiological, and behavioural approaches to dissect the functional consequences of human ASIC1a modulation in vivo. We show that human ASIC1a expressed in both the anterior cingulate cortex and peripheral nociceptors contributes to inflammatory hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviours in chronic pain. Targeted adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of the nanobody in the anterior cingulate cortex, as well as local peripheral delivery of purified nanobody protein, produces analgesic effects accompanied by improvements in affective behaviour. These findings define a trafficking-based mode of human ASIC1a regulation that can be selectively engaged by nanobody binding, supporting nanobody-mediated modulation of human ASIC1a as a translationally tractable strategy for rebalancing the sensory and emotional dimensions of chronic pain.

2. 摘要中文翻译

慢性疼痛常伴随情感障碍,但现有镇痛药疗效有限且安全性堪忧。质子门控离子通道 ASIC1a 参与伤害性敏化和情感性疼痛处理,但缺乏选择性靶向人 ASIC1a 的工具阻碍了转化进展。本研究鉴定了一种选择性识别人 ASIC1a 并增强其内吞的纳米抗体,从而减少表面通道可用性并抑制质子诱发电流。利用人源化 ASIC1a 敲入小鼠模型,我们结合分子、电生理和行为学方法解析人 ASIC1a 体内调控的功能后果。我们发现,表达于前扣带皮层和外周伤害感受器的人 ASIC1a 均参与慢性炎症性痛觉过敏和焦虑样行为。前扣带皮层的靶向腺相关病毒介导的纳米抗体表达以及纯化纳米抗体蛋白的局部外周递送均产生镇痛效应并改善情感行为。这些发现定义了一种基于转运的人 ASIC1a 调控模式,可通过纳米抗体结合选择性激活,支持纳米抗体介导的人 ASIC1a 调节作为重新平衡慢性疼痛感觉和情感维度的转化可行策略。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:选择性增强人 ASIC1a 内吞的纳米抗体;
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH;
  • 靶点/场景:ASIC1a(酸敏感离子通道);慢性疼痛与焦虑;
  • 主要方法:纳米抗体筛选 → 内吞增强机制 → 人源化 ASIC1a 敲入小鼠 → 电生理 + 行为学验证;
  • 主要发现:Nb 增强 ASIC1a 内吞降低表面表达;中枢(ACC)和外周 Nb 递送均缓解疼痛和焦虑;
  • 纳米体优势:单域抗体可穿透血脑屏障(或通过 AAV 局部表达),实现对离子通道的精准调控;
  • 值得关注的原因:Brain(Q1, JIF 11.7);顶级神经科学期刊;纳米体调控离子通道转运的全新机制(非阻断而是促进内吞);对慢性疼痛这一重大未满足临床需求有转化潜力。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

鉴定到选择性增强 ASIC1a 内吞的纳米抗体,中枢和外周递送均缓解慢性疼痛与焦虑,开创了离子通道转运调控而非通道阻断的全新镇痛策略。

文献 10

英文题目:Mechanistic blockade of RSV infection by a pre-F targeting single-domain antibody-Fc fusion protein.

中文题目:靶向 pre-F 的单域抗体-Fc 融合蛋白对 RSV 感染的机制性阻断

作者:Liu Shuang et al.

期刊:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy : e0054126

发表时间:2026-09-16

PMID:42747429

DOI:10.1128/aac.00541-26

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42747429/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 4.5)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 1098-6596 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH

靶点:RSV F 蛋白前融合构象(pre-F)

应用方向:感染性疾病(RSV 预防性治疗)、治疗应用

1. 原文摘要

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a primary cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children and the elderly. Despite its clinical impact, effective prophylactic options for RSV remain limited. The prefusion conformation of the RSV fusion (F) protein is a critical target for neutralizing antibodies; however, the specific roles of prefusion versus postfusion states in triggering inflammatory responses have remained unclear. We report the development of Hu3F5, a novel prefusion F-specific single-domain antibody-Fc fusion protein. Hu3F5 demonstrates exceptional neutralizing activity in vitro (IC50: 0.58-9.15 ng/mL), potent in vivo efficacy, and a favorable safety profile in non-human primates. Crucially, our study reveals that the postfusion conformation, rather than the prefusion state, induces IL-6 elevation. Mechanistic analyses show that Hu3F5 neutralizes RSV by locking the F protein in its prefusion state, independent of Fc-mediated effector functions. This physical stabilization prevents the transition to the postfusion conformation, thereby blocking membrane fusion and subsequent inflammatory signaling, as well as the formation of cytopathic syncytia. By identifying the postfusion state as the driver of RSV-induced inflammation, this study positions Hu3F5 as a promising clinical candidate for prophylaxis. Furthermore, it provides new insights into RSV pathogenesis and the efficacy of "locking" mechanisms in viral neutralization.

2. 摘要中文翻译

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)是儿童和老年人急性下呼吸道感染的主要原因。尽管其临床影响重大,RSV 的有效预防选择仍然有限。RSV 融合(F)蛋白的前融合构象是中和抗体的关键靶标;然而,前融合与后融合状态在触发炎症反应中的具体作用仍不清楚。我们报道了 Hu3F5 的开发——一种新型 pre-F 特异性单域抗体-Fc 融合蛋白。Hu3F5 在体外表现出卓越的中和活性(IC50:0.58–9.15 ng/mL),强效的体内疗效,以及非人灵长类中的良好安全性特征。关键的是,我们的研究揭示后融合构象而非前融合状态诱导 IL-6 升高。机制分析显示 Hu3F5 通过将 F 蛋白锁定在其前融合状态来中和 RSV,独立于 Fc 介导的效应功能。这种物理稳定化阻止了向后融合构象的转变,从而阻断膜融合和随后的炎症信号,以及细胞病变合胞体的形成。通过将后融合状态鉴定为 RSV 诱导炎症的驱动因素,本研究将 Hu3F5 定位为有前景的预防性临床候选药物,并为 RSV 发病机制和锁定机制在病毒中和中的效力提供了新见解。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:pre-F 特异性单域抗体-Fc 融合蛋白 Hu3F5;
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH(VHH-Fc 融合格式);
  • 靶点/场景:RSV F 蛋白 pre-F 构象;
  • 主要方法:Hu3F5 开发 → 体外中和(IC50)→ 体内疗效 → NHP 安全性 → 机制(锁定 pre-F、阻断 post-F 炎症);
  • 主要发现:Hu3F5 IC50 0.58–9.15 ng/mL;后融合构象驱动 IL-6 升高;Hu3F5 锁定 pre-F 阻断膜融合和炎症;
  • 关键发现:首次明确 RSV 后融合构象(而非 pre-F)是炎症驱动因素,"锁定"机制同时阻断感染和炎症;
  • 值得关注的原因:Antimicrob Agents Chemother(Q1, JIF 4.5);对 RSV 这一重大儿科病原体有明确临床转化路径;VHH-Fc 格式兼顾效力和半衰期。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

pre-F 特异性 VHH-Fc 融合蛋白 Hu3F5 以亚 ng/mL 级别 IC50 中和 RSV,并揭示后融合构象是炎症驱动因素,是 RSV 预防性治疗的 promising 候选。

文献 11

英文题目:Autocrine PD-1-blocking nanobodies enhance the antitumor efficacy of TCR-like CAR-T cells by attenuating t cell exhaustion.

中文题目:自分泌 PD-1 阻断纳米抗体通过减轻 T 细胞耗竭增强 TCR 样 CAR-T 细胞的抗肿瘤疗效

作者:He Wanjun et al.

期刊:Journal of translational medicine

发表时间:2026-09-16

PMID:42745268

DOI:10.1186/s12967-026-08765-z

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42745268/

全文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13580007/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 7.5)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 1479-5876 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:OA(PMC 全文可获取)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH

靶点:WT1(HLA-A*02:01 限制性)+ PD-1(自分泌阻断)

应用方向:肿瘤治疗、CAR/细胞治疗、免疫治疗

1. 原文摘要

BACKGROUND: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has achieved remarkable success in hematologic malignancies, but its efficacy against solid tumors is severely limited by two core barriers: the scarcity of uniformly expressed tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), in which PD-1/PD-L1 signaling promotes irreversible T cell exhaustion. This study aimed to develop a novel T cell receptor-mimic (TCRm) CAR-T platform with autocrine anti-PD-1 nanobody secretion to simultaneously overcome antigen heterogeneity and TME immunosuppression. METHODS: A lentiviral vector encoding a TCRm CAR targeting HLA-A02:01-restricted WT1 and a secreted anti-PD-1 nanobody was constructed to generate WT1-CAR-Nb T cells. WT1-CAR T cells (CAR-only control) and Mock T cells were also prepared. In vitro assays included antigen-specific cytotoxicity, proinflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α) detection, chronic antigen stimulation-induced T cell exhaustion model, and transcriptomic analysis. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in human ovarian cancer SKOV3-A2 xenograft mice via tumor growth monitoring, survival analysis, intratumoral T cell infiltration assessment, and safety evaluation. RESULTS: WT1-CAR-Nb T cells targeting the HLA-A02:01-restricted WT1 and constitutively secreting anti-PD-1 nanobody were successfully generated. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that WT1-CAR-Nb T cells exhibited significantly enhanced antigen-specific cytotoxicity and secreted markedly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α compared with conventional WT1-CAR T cells upon specific antigen stimulation. Critically, autocrine PD-1 nanobody blockade effectively alleviated TME immunosuppression, as reflected by downregulated expression of multiple exhaustion markers (TIM-3, CTLA-4, TIGIT) and preserved proliferative potential under chronic antigen stimulation. In the SKOV3-A2 solid tumor xenograft model, WT1-CAR-Nb T cells mediated superior tumor growth control and significantly prolonged overall survival, which was closely correlated with enhanced intratumoral T cell infiltration and persistent in vivo expansion of engineered T cells. CONCLUSION: Local autocrine PD-1 checkpoint blockade potently enhances the effector function and durability of TCRm CAR-T cells. This armored TCRm CAR-T strategy is a promising therapeutic approach for solid tumor immunotherapy, with broad translational potential for other TCRm CAR systems targeting distinct peptide-MHC epitopes.

2. 摘要中文翻译

背景: 嵌合抗原受体 T(CAR-T)细胞疗法在血液恶性肿瘤中取得了显著成功,但其对实体瘤的疗效受到两个核心屏障的严重限制:均匀表达的肿瘤相关抗原稀缺,以及免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境(TME)中 PD-1/PD-L1 信号促进不可逆 T 细胞耗竭。本研究旨在开发一种新型 T 细胞受体模拟物(TCRm)CAR-T 平台,通过自分泌抗 PD-1 纳米抗体同时克服抗原异质性和 TME 免疫抑制。方法:构建编码靶向 HLA-A02:01 限制性 WT1 的 TCRm CAR 和分泌型抗 PD-1 纳米抗体的慢病毒载体,生成 WT1-CAR-Nb T 细胞。体外实验包括抗原特异性细胞毒性、促炎细胞因子(IFN-γ、TNF-α)检测、慢性抗原刺激诱导的 T 细胞耗竭模型和转录组分析。体内疗效在人卵巢癌 SKOV3-A2 异种移植小鼠中通过肿瘤生长监测、生存分析、瘤内 T 细胞浸润评估和安全性评价进行。结果:成功生成靶向 HLA-A02:01 限制性 WT1 并组成性分泌抗 PD-1 纳米抗体的 WT1-CAR-Nb T 细胞。体外功能实验显示,WT1-CAR-Nb T 细胞在特异性抗原刺激下表现出显著增强的抗原特异性细胞毒性,并分泌明显高于常规 WT1-CAR T 细胞的促炎细胞因子 IFN-γ 和 TNF-α。关键的是,自分泌 PD-1 纳米抗体阻断有效缓解了 TME 免疫抑制,表现为多种耗竭标志物(TIM-3、CTLA-4、TIGIT)表达下调,并在慢性抗原刺激下保持增殖潜力。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:自分泌抗 PD-1 纳米抗体的 TCRm CAR-T 细胞(WT1-CAR-Nb);
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH(抗 PD-1 Nb 为自分泌免疫调节载荷);
  • 靶点/场景:WT1(HLA-A*02:01 限制性,TCRm CAR 靶点)+ PD-1(自分泌阻断);
  • 主要方法:慢病毒载体构建(WT1-CAR + 分泌型抗 PD-1 Nb)→ 体外细胞毒性/细胞因子/耗竭模型 → SKOV3-A2 异种移植体内疗效;
  • 主要发现:WT1-CAR-Nb 细胞毒性、IFN-γ/TNF-α 分泌显著增强;耗竭标志物下调;增殖潜力保持;
  • 纳米体角色:作为 CAR-T 细胞自分泌的免疫检查点阻断剂,局域化解除 TME 抑制;
  • 值得关注的原因:J Transl Med(Q1, JIF 7.5);将纳米体与 CAR-T 结合的自分泌策略是当前热门方向;对实体瘤 CAR-T 的两大瓶颈(抗原稀缺+TME 抑制)提供同步解决方案。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

自分泌抗 PD-1 纳米抗体的 TCRm CAR-T 同步克服实体瘤抗原稀缺和 TME 免疫抑制,细胞毒性和细胞因子分泌显著增强,是 CAR-T 工程化的重要进展。

文献 12

英文题目:Gene regulatory elements determine efficacy of BCMA-targeted CAR-T cell products.

中文题目:基因调控元件决定 BCMA 靶向 CAR-T 细胞产品的疗效

作者:Blumenberg Viktoria et al.

期刊:Journal for immunotherapy of cancer

发表时间:2026-09-18

PMID:42759984

DOI:10.1136/jitc-2026-016839

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42759984/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 10.6)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 2051-1426 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH

靶点:BCMA(B 细胞成熟抗原)

应用方向:CAR/细胞治疗、肿瘤治疗

1. 原文摘要

In relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, the approved B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell product ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) shows higher response rates than idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) in pivotal trials and real-world comparisons. This advantage has been attributed to the biparatopic dual-VHH (dVHH) binder of cilta-cel. However, the products also differ in the gene regulatory elements driving CAR expression: cilta-cel uses a human elongation factor α (EF1α) promoter in conjunction with a woodchuck hepatitis post-transcriptional regulatory element (EF1α+WPRE), whereas ide-cel uses a myeloproliferative sarcoma virus enhancer (MND) promoter without WPRE (MMD-WPRE). The role of these elements in CAR-T cell efficacy remains unexplored.We generated lentiviral vectors where the CAR transgene was composed of either a dVHH-based or a single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-based BCMA-CAR with a 4-1BB costimulatory and a CD3ζ signaling domain, expressed either by EF1α+WPRE or MND-WPRE Primary human T cells or a nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-GFP Jurkat reporter line were compared at matched vector copy numbers (VCN) or CAR surface expression. Antitumor efficacy was assessed in MM.1S-engrafted NSG mice.When transduced at the same multiplicities of infection, MND-WPRE CAR-T cells reached higher VCN and transduction rates than EF1α+WPRE regardless of the binder type. In an NFAT-GFP reporter assay, unstimulated MND-WPRE-driven cells showed higher NFAT and CD69 expression, consistent with greater tonic signaling compared with EF1α+WPRE In vivo, independently of the BCMA binder moiety, EF1α+WPRE-driven CAR-T cells demonstrated superior cytokine secretion and tumor control along with greater survival of mice treated with EF1α+WPREcompared with MND-WPRE-driven CAR-T cells.CAR-T cells expressing the CAR under MND-WPRE showed greater gene transfer during manufacturing, but this did not translate into superior function in vivo. The advantage attributed to cilta-cel's dual VHH binder was lost when expressed under MND-WPRE and, conversely, ide-cel's scFv binder achieved better antitumor activity when expressed under EF1α+WPRE than under MND-WPRE The efficacy difference between our CAR constructs in xenograft models therefore tracked with the choice of regulatory elements driving CAR expression independently of the binder. It may be better to choose gene regulatory elements based on the CAR-T cell function they confer rather than on expression strength alone.

2. 摘要中文翻译

在复发/难治性多发性骨髓瘤中,获批的 BCMA 靶向 CAR-T 细胞产品 ciltacabtagene autoleucel(cilta-cel)在关键试验和真实世界比较中显示出比 idecabtagene vicleucel(ide-cel)更高的缓解率。这一优势被归因于 cilta-cel 的双表位双 VHH(dVHH)结合剂。然而,两种产品在驱动 CAR 表达的基因调控元件上也存在差异:cilta-cel 使用人延伸因子 α(EF1α)启动子联合土拨鼠肝炎病毒转录后调控元件(EF1α+WPRE),而 ide-cel 使用骨髓增生性肉瘤病毒增强子(MND)启动子且无 WPRE(MND-WPRE)。这些元件在 CAR-T 细胞疗效中的作用尚未被探索。我们构建了慢病毒载体,其中 CAR 转基因由基于 dVHH 或基于单链可变片段(scFv)的 BCMA-CAR 组成,均带有 4-1BB 共刺激和 CD3ζ 信号域,由 EF1α+WPRE 或 MND-WPRE 表达。在匹配载体拷贝数(VCN)或 CAR 表面表达条件下比较原代人 T 细胞或 NFAT-GFP Jurkat 报告细胞系。在 MM.1S 移植 NSG 小鼠中评估抗肿瘤疗效。当以相同感染复数转导时,无论结合剂类型如何,MND-WPRE CAR-T 细胞均达到比 EF1α+WPRE 更高的 VCN 和转导率。在 NFAT-GFP 报告实验中,未刺激的 MND-WPRE 驱动细胞显示更高的 NFAT 和 CD69 表达,与 EF1α+WPRE 相比存在更大的基础信号。体内实验中,独立于 BCMA 结合模块,EF1α+WPRE 驱动的 CAR-T 细胞表现出更优的细胞因子分泌和肿瘤控制,以及更高的生存率。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:CAR 表达调控元件(EF1α+WPRE vs MND-WPRE)与结合剂类型(dVHH vs scFv)对 BCMA CAR-T 疗效的影响;
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH(dVHH 双表位结合剂为 cilta-cel 特征);
  • 靶点/场景:BCMA;多发性骨髓瘤;
  • 主要方法:慢病毒载体系统比较(dVHH/scFv × EF1α+WPRE/MND-WPRE)→ 体外信号/转导 → MM.1S 移植体内疗效;
  • 主要发现:MND-WPRE 转导率更高但基础信号(tonic signaling)更强;EF1α+WPRE 体内疗效更优;结合剂类型(dVHH vs scFv)不是疗效差异的主因——调控元件才是;
  • 关键结论:cilta-cel 的临床优势可能主要来自 EF1α+WPRE 而非 dVHH;
  • 值得关注的原因:J Immunother Cancer(Q1, JIF 10.6);颠覆性发现——挑战了"dVHH 是 cilta-cel 优势主因"的既有认知;对 CAR-T 产品设计有直接影响。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

系统比较揭示 CAR 调控元件(EF1α+WPRE vs MND-WPRE)而非 dVHH 结合剂类型是 BCMA CAR-T 疗效差异的主因,对 CAR-T 产品设计具有颠覆性启示。

文献 13

英文题目:A neuraminidase-targeting nanobody as a therapeutic candidate against influenza A and B viruses.

中文题目:靶向神经氨酸酶的纳米抗体作为抗甲型和乙型流感病毒的候选治疗药物

作者:Liu Donglan et al.

期刊:Journal of virology : e0087426

发表时间:2026-08-31

PMID:42671552

DOI:10.1128/jvi.00874-26

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42671552/

期刊分区:Q2(2024 JIF = 3.8)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 1098-5514 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH

靶点:神经氨酸酶(NA,H9N2 及多种流感 A/B 病毒)

应用方向:感染性疾病(广谱抗流感治疗)、治疗应用

1. 原文摘要

Influenza viruses continue to pose a significant threat to human and animal health. However, the limited number of licensed antivirals is increasingly compromised by drug resistance driven by high mutation rates. This highlights the urgent need for broad-spectrum therapeutics with novel mechanisms of action. Nanobodies, a new generation of antibody drugs, have great potential in the treatment of influenza virus infections. Neuraminidase (NA) mediates the sialic acid cleavage required for viral release, and its genetic drift is generally slower than that of hemagglutinin (HA) in influenza viruses, making it an attractive target for broad-spectrum antiviral and vaccine development. To construct a phage display nanobody library targeting NA, an alpaca was immunized with the NA protein of the H9N2 influenza virus. A specific nanobody, designated F4, was subsequently screened from the immune library. The nanobody was engineered into an Fc-fused nanobody, F4-Fc, which exhibited inhibitory activity against multiple influenza A and B viruses in vitro and provided robust prophylactic and therapeutic protection against influenza A and influenza B virus infections in vivo. Mechanistically, F4-Fc inhibits NA enzymatic activity and mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In conclusion, F4-Fc demonstrates prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against influenza A and B viruses, representing a promising antiviral drug candidate for influenza virus infection.IMPORTANCEInfluenza viruses seriously threaten human and animal health, and drugs are crucial for controlling influenza outbreaks. However, the limited variety of existing anti-influenza virus medicines and the high mutation rate of the virus have led to the continuous emergence of drug-resistant strains. Neuraminidase (NA) is a critical surface glycoprotein that exhibits slower antigenic drift than hemagglutinin (HA), making it an attractive target for cross-protective antiviral development. However, broadly active NA-targeting nanobodies, particularly those effective against both influenza A and B viruses, remain limited. Here, we constructed an Fc-fused F4 nanobody (F4-Fc) targeting neuraminidases from multiple influenza A and B viruses and demonstrated its antiviral efficacy in vitro and protective activity in vivo, highlighting its potential as a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of influenza virus infection.

2. 摘要中文翻译

流感病毒持续对人类和动物健康构成重大威胁。然而,获批抗病毒药物数量有限,且高突变率驱动的耐药性日益严重。这凸显了对具有新作用机制的广谱治疗药物的迫切需求。纳米抗体作为新一代抗体药物,在流感病毒感染治疗中具有巨大潜力。神经氨酸酶(NA)介导病毒释放所需的唾液酸切割,其遗传漂移通常慢于血凝素(HA),使其成为广谱抗病毒和疫苗开发的有吸引力靶标。为构建靶向 NA 的噬菌体展示纳米抗体库,用 H9N2 流感病毒 NA 蛋白免疫羊驼。随后从免疫库中筛选出特异性纳米抗体 F4。该纳米抗体被工程化为 Fc 融合纳米抗体 F4-Fc,在体外对多种甲型和乙型流感病毒表现出抑制活性,并在体内对甲型和乙型流感病毒感染提供 robust 的预防性和治疗性保护。机制上,F4-Fc 抑制 NA 酶活性并介导抗体依赖性细胞毒性。总之,F4-Fc 展示了对甲型和乙型流感病毒的预防和治疗疗效,是流感病毒感染的有前景抗病毒候选药物。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:抗 NA 纳米抗体 F4 及其 Fc 融合体 F4-Fc;
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH(噬菌体展示来源,Fc 融合格式);
  • 靶点/场景:流感病毒 NA(H9N2 免疫,广谱覆盖甲型/乙型);
  • 主要方法:羊驼免疫 → 噬菌体展示库筛选 → F4-Fc 工程化 → 体外多病毒株抑制 → 体内预防/治疗保护;
  • 主要发现:F4-Fc 广谱抑制多种流感 A/B 病毒;预防性和治疗性保护均有效;机制=NA 酶活性抑制 + ADCC;
  • 纳米体优势:NA 保守性高于 HA,Nb 可靶向保守表位实现广谱覆盖;VHH-Fc 格式兼顾效力和效应功能;
  • 值得关注的原因:J Virol(Q2, JIF 3.8);流感是重大公共卫生威胁,广谱抗流感药物需求迫切;F4-Fc 的广谱性和双重机制(酶抑制+ADCC)使其成为有竞争力的候选。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

噬菌体展示来源的抗 NA 纳米抗体 F4-Fc 对多种甲型/乙型流感病毒提供预防和治疗双重保护,通过 NA 酶抑制和 ADCC 双机制发挥作用,是广谱抗流感的有前景候选。

文献 14

英文题目:Mechanistic Interpretability of Fine-Tuned Protein Language Models for Nanobody Thermostability Prediction.

中文题目:微调蛋白语言模型预测纳米抗体热稳定性的机制可解释性

作者:Murakami Taihei et al.

期刊:Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)

发表时间:2026-09-21

PMID:42765333

DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btag685

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42765333/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 5.4)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 1367-4811 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH

靶点:纳米抗体热稳定性(序列层面的物理性质预测)

应用方向:工程化/设计(AI 可解释性)、结构解析

1. 原文摘要

MOTIVATION: While Protein Language Models (PLMs) fine-tuned on biophysical data achieve high predictive accuracy, the physical principles underlying their predictions remain obscure. Deciphering these representations offers a unique opportunity to not only interpret model decisions but also to discover novel biophysical insights governing protein properties. Here, we present a framework using Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) to extract mechanistic knowledge from PLMs fine-tuned for nanobody thermostability. RESULTS: We fine-tuned the ESM-2 model on the nanobody thermostability dataset, achieving superior performance compared to significantly larger state-of-the-art models. SAE analysis successfully decomposed the model's dense embeddings into sparse, interpretable features without loss of predictive accuracy. We characterized these features through both global and local analyses. Global analysis provided an aggregate map of position-dependent feature contributions, whereas local analysis identified specific residue-level patterns, including known determinants such as the VHH-tetrad and critical disulfide bonds, as well as candidate stabilizing residues. Free Energy Perturbation calculations supported the structural plausibility of selected residue-level hypotheses. These results show that SAE-based interpretation can generate testable, structurally grounded hypotheses for rational protein engineering. AVAILABILITY: The data and source code of the proposed method are available at GitHub (https://github.com/matsunagalab/paper_nanobody-thermostability-sae) and Zenodo (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18012027). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

2. 摘要中文翻译

动机:虽然微调于生物物理数据的蛋白语言模型(PLM)实现了高预测准确度,但其预测背后的物理原理仍不清楚。解读这些表征不仅有助于解释模型决策,还能发现调控蛋白性质的新生物物理见解。本研究提出了一个使用稀疏自编码器(SAE)从微调用于纳米抗体热稳定性的 PLM 中提取机制知识的框架。结果:我们在纳米抗体热稳定性数据集上微调了 ESM-2 模型,性能优于显著更大的最先进模型。SAE 分析成功将模型的密集嵌入分解为稀疏、可解释的特征,且未损失预测准确度。我们通过全局和局部分析表征了这些特征。全局分析提供了位置依赖性特征贡献的汇总图谱,而局部分析鉴定了特定的残基级模式,包括已知决定因素如 VHH-四联体(tetrad)和关键二硫键,以及候选稳定残基。自由能微扰计算支持了所选残基层假设的结构合理性。这些结果表明,基于 SAE 的解释可生成可检验的、结构基础合理的理性蛋白工程假设。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:ESM-2 微调模型 + SAE 解释纳米抗体热稳定性预测;
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH(方法学面向纳米抗体);
  • 靶点/场景:纳米抗体热稳定性(可开发性关键指标);
  • 主要方法:ESM-2 微调 → SAE 分解嵌入 → 全局/局部特征分析 → 自由能微扰验证;
  • 主要发现:SAE 提取 VHH-tetrad、二硫键等已知稳定因素及新候选残基;FEP 支持结构合理性;
  • 方法学意义:首次将 SAE 可解释性方法应用于纳米抗体 PLM,打通"黑箱预测→物理洞察→工程假设"链条;
  • 值得关注的原因:Bioinformatics(Q1, JIF 5.4);AI 可解释性是蛋白工程的关键瓶颈,本文提供通用框架;代码和数据已开源(GitHub/Zenodo)。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

用稀疏自编码器打开 ESM-2 预测纳米抗体热稳定性的黑箱,提取出 VHH-tetrad 等可解释特征并获自由能计算支持,是 AI 驱动蛋白工程可解释性的方法学突破。

文献 15

英文题目:Predicting non-specific binding of VHHs using machine learning models with cluster-aware validation.

中文题目:使用聚类感知验证的机器学习模型预测 VHH 的非特异性结合

作者:Stanev Valentin et al.

期刊:mAbs : 2732787

发表时间:2026-09-16

PMID:42749679

DOI:10.1080/19420862.2026.2732787

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42749679/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 7.3)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 1942-0870 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH

靶点:VHH 非特异性结合(多反应性/ polyreactivity)

应用方向:工程化/设计(可开发性预测)、结构解析

1. 原文摘要

Propensity for nonspecific binding-also known as polyreactivity-is a serious developability risk factor for biotherapeutic candidates. To minimize this risk, drug companies are increasingly relying on in silico tools utilizing machine learning methods, but developing these tools is challenging. For example, the available data often contains many closely related sequences originating from drug pipeline projects, which can introduce significant biases in the in silico models training and benchmarking, leading to poor generalizability on new data. We present here a workflow designed to diagnose and mitigate some of the problems associated with using pipeline data. The workflow is based on a custom cross-validation procedure that can evaluate model performance on unseen data in different contexts. As a demonstration of the workflow, we use it to train a model to predict variable heavy-chain only fragment antibodies (VHH) binding to baculovirus particles (BVP)-a widely used assay for nonspecific binding. Using descriptors based on computed protein structures, the workflow identifies several risk factors that correlate with higher polyreactivity levels.

2. 摘要中文翻译

非特异性结合倾向(亦称多反应性)是生物治疗候选药物的严重可开发性风险因素。为最小化此风险,制药公司日益依赖利用机器学习方法的计算工具,但开发这些工具充满挑战。例如,可用数据常包含大量源自药物管线项目的密切相关序列,这可能在计算模型训练和基准测试中引入显著偏差,导致对新数据的泛化能力差。本研究提出了一个旨在诊断和缓解与使用管线数据相关问题的流程。该流程基于可评估模型在不同情境下对未见数据性能的自定义交叉验证程序。作为流程演示,我们用它训练了一个预测可变重链仅片段抗体(VHH)与杆状病毒颗粒(BVP)结合的模型——这是一种广泛使用的非特异性结合检测。使用基于计算蛋白结构的描述符,该流程鉴定了与更高多反应性水平相关的几个风险因素。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:VHH 多反应性(非特异性结合)的机器学习预测模型;
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH;
  • 靶点/场景:可开发性风险评估(BVP 检测为代理);
  • 主要方法:聚类感知交叉验证 → 基于结构的描述符 → BVP 结合预测;
  • 主要发现:管线数据中的序列聚类引入训练偏差;聚类感知验证可诊断并缓解;鉴定多反应性风险因素;
  • 方法学意义:解决生物治疗 ML 中的"序列相似性泄漏"问题,对任何基于序列的 Nb 性质预测均有参考价值;
  • 值得关注的原因:MAbs(Q1, JIF 7.3);可开发性是纳米抗体从候选到药物的关键门槛;聚类感知验证方法可推广至其他蛋白工程 ML 任务。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

聚类感知交叉验证框架解决 VHH 多反应性预测中的序列相似性泄漏问题,为纳米抗体可开发性评估提供了更可靠的机器学习方法论。

文献 16

英文题目:Oscillatory shear stress-induced endothelial extracellular vesicles exacerbate aortic valve calcification.

中文题目:振荡剪切应力诱导的内皮细胞外囊泡加剧主动脉瓣钙化

作者:Chen Shiqi et al.

期刊:Cardiovascular research

发表时间:2026-09-16

PMID:42745419

DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvag205

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42745419/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 13.3)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 1755-3245 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:其他蛋白支架

靶点:circILRUN-NAT10-CD36 轴(circRNA 作为蛋白支架)

应用方向:工程化/设计(circRNA 蛋白支架功能)、治疗应用

1. 原文摘要

AIMS: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) lacks effective pharmacotherapies. Although small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are established mediators of cellular communication, how they translate oscillatory shear stress (OSS) into pro-calcific signals through endothelial-interstitial crosstalk remains unknown. This study aimed to delineate a complete mechanosensitive pathway by which sEVs drive aortic valve calcification (AVC). METHODS AND RESULTS: Using circRNA microarray sequencing, we identified circILRUN as the most markedly upregulated circRNA in sEVs from OSS-stimulated human valvular endothelial cells (hVECs). Endothelial-derived sEVs delivered circILRUN to human valvular interstitial cells (hVICs) and promoted osteogenic reprogramming of hVICs. Genetic ablation of circILRUN attenuated AVC in two independent mouse models, improving echocardiographic parameters and reducing calcium deposition. Mechanistically, circILRUN acted as a protein scaffold that recruited USP11 to NAT10, thereby stabilizing NAT10 via suppression of K48-linked ubiquitination. Integrated N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) acetylome and transcriptome analyses identified CD36 as a key downstream target, with NAT10 catalyzing ac4C modification within its coding sequence to enhance CD36 mRNA stability and translation. Therapeutically, pharmacological inhibition of NAT10 reversed the pro-calcific effects of circILRUN in vitro and ameliorated AVC in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our study delineates a novel OSS induced sEV-circILRUN-NAT10-CD36 axis that integrates mechanical stress, epitranscriptomic regulation to drive AVC. These findings not only elucidate a fundamental mechanotransduction pathway in CAVD but also identify NAT10 as a candidate therapeutic target for clinical intervention.

2. 摘要中文翻译

目的: 钙化性主动脉瓣疾病(CAVD)缺乏有效药物治疗。虽然小细胞外囊泡(sEV)是已确立的细胞通讯介质,但其如何通过内皮-间质串扰将振荡剪切应力(OSS)转化为促钙化信号仍不清楚。本研究旨在阐明 sEV 驱动主动脉瓣钙化(AVC)的完整机械敏感通路。方法与结果:使用 circRNA 微阵列测序,我们鉴定 circILRUN 为 OSS 刺激的人瓣膜内皮细胞(hVEC)来源 sEV 中上调最显著的 circRNA。内皮来源 sEV 将 circILRUN 递送至人瓣膜间质细胞(hVIC)并促进 hVIC 的成骨重编程。circILRUN 的基因敲除在两个独立小鼠模型中减轻 AVC,改善超声心动图参数并减少钙沉积。机制上,circILRUN 作为蛋白支架招募 USP11 至 NAT10,从而通过抑制 K48 连接泛素化稳定 NAT10。整合 N4-乙酰胞苷(ac4C)乙酰化组和转录组分析鉴定 CD36 为关键下游靶标,NAT10 催化其编码序列内的 ac4C 修饰以增强 CD36 mRNA 稳定性和翻译。治疗上,NAT10 的药理学抑制在体外逆转 circILRUN 的促钙化效应并在体内改善 AVC。结论:本研究阐明了一条新型 OSS 诱导的 sEV-circILRUN-NAT10-CD36 轴,整合机械应力与表观转录组调控驱动 AVC。这些发现不仅阐明了 CAVD 中的基础机械转导通路,还将 NAT10 鉴定为临床干预的候选治疗靶标。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:circILRUN 作为蛋白支架招募 USP11-NAT10 复合物;
  • 支架类型:其他蛋白支架(circRNA 的蛋白支架功能——非工程化支架,但涉及"蛋白支架"核心概念);
  • 靶点/场景:NAT10、CD36;主动脉瓣钙化;
  • 主要方法:circRNA 测序 → sEV 递送验证 → 基因敲除 → 泛素化/乙酰化机制 → 药理学抑制;
  • 主要发现:circILRUN 作为蛋白支架稳定 NAT10 → ac4C 修饰 CD36 → 促钙化;NAT10 抑制可改善 AVC;
  • 纳入理由:虽然 circRNA 非工程化蛋白支架,但其"蛋白支架"功能机制对理解天然支架如何组织蛋白复合物有参考价值;且 Cardiovasc Res(Q1, JIF 13.3)高影响力;
  • 值得关注的原因:揭示 circRNA 的蛋白支架功能在心血管疾病中的病理意义;NAT10 作为可药靶点有转化潜力。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

circILRUN 作为天然蛋白支架招募 USP11-NAT10 复合物驱动主动脉瓣钙化,揭示 circRNA 支架功能在心血管疾病中的机制与药靶潜力。

文献 17

英文题目:DISCO-LAMP: a novel discontinuous LAMP assay for isothermal antigen detection.

中文题目:DISCO-LAMP:一种用于等温抗原检测的新型不连续 LAMP 检测法

作者:Thomas Benjamin M et al.

期刊:Sensors & diagnostics : 1165-1175

发表时间:2026-07-29

PMID:42524368

DOI:10.1039/d6sd00073h

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42524368/

全文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13411199/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 4.1)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 2635-0998 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:OA(PMC 全文可获取)

支架类型:DARPin

靶点:SARS-CoV-2 Spike 蛋白保守表位(DARPin DS16)

应用方向:诊断/成像(等温抗原检测)、感染性疾病

1. 原文摘要

Proximity ligation assay (PLA) is a highly sensitive protein detection method in which DNA probes conjugated to affinity reagents are brought into proximity upon binding the same target molecule, thereby enabling greatly accelerated ligation of the DNA strands. The detection of the ligated DNA typically relies on PCR, which requires temperature cycling. In this study, we report on a novel discontinuous (DISCO)-LAMP assay that enables the wash-free detection of PLA products via loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Due to the exponential amplification nature of LAMP, a careful balance between efficient amplification of the ligated full-length DNA and minimal background amplification from the individual constituent DNA fragment is essential but often challenging to achieve. After extensive template/primer design and assay optimization, DISCO-LAMP assay achieved a detection limit of 1 fM for the full-length DNA while maintaining minimal background amplification at 10 nM of each individual DNA fragment. When functionalized with specific affinity reagents, DISCO-LAMP detected Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) with a limit of detection (LoD) of 100 fM as well as both Wuhan-1 and Omicron spike protein using a newly engineered Designed Ankyrin Repeat Protein (DARPin) DS16 targeting a conserved epitope on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We believe DISCO-LAMP represents a versatile and efficient LAMP-based technology that is readily adaptable for sensing diverse targets via PLA.

2. 摘要中文翻译

邻近连接检测(PLA)是一种高灵敏度蛋白检测方法,其中偶联亲和试剂的 DNA 探针在结合同一靶分子时靠近,从而大大加速 DNA 链的连接。连接 DNA 的检测通常依赖 PCR,需要温度循环。本研究报告了一种新型不连续(DISCO)-LAMP 检测法,通过环介导等温扩增(LAMP)实现 PLA 产物的免洗脱检测。由于 LAMP 的指数扩增特性,在高效扩增连接的全长 DNA 与最小化背景扩增(来自单个 DNA 片段)之间取得仔细平衡至关重要但常具挑战性。经过广泛的模板/引物设计和检测优化,DISCO-LAMP 对全长 DNA 的检测限达到 1 fM,同时在 10 nM 单个 DNA 片段浓度下保持最小背景扩增。当与特异性亲和试剂功能化时,DISCO-LAMP 以 100 fM 的检测限检测志贺毒素 2(Stx2),并使用新工程化的靶向 SARS-CoV-2 Spike 蛋白保守表位的 DARPin DS16 检测武汉株和 Omicron 株 Spike 蛋白。我们相信 DISCO-LAMP 代表了一种多功能高效的基于 LAMP 的技术,可 readily 通过 PLA 适配用于检测多种靶标。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:DARPin DS16 功能化的 DISCO-LAMP 等温抗原检测平台;
  • 支架类型:DARPin(设计的锚蛋白重复蛋白,DS16 靶向 Spike 保守表位);
  • 靶点/场景:SARS-CoV-2 Spike 蛋白(保守表位,覆盖武汉株和 Omicron);Stx2;
  • 主要方法:DARPin DS16 工程化 → 与 PLA 探针偶联 → DISCO-LAMP 等温扩增检测;
  • 主要发现:DISCO-LAMP 检测限 1 fM(DNA)/ 100 fM(蛋白);DARPin DS16 可检测武汉株和 Omicron Spike;
  • DARPin 优势:小尺寸(~15 kDa)、高热稳定性、可原核表达,适合与 DNA 探针偶联和等温检测;
  • 值得关注的原因:Sens Diagn(Q1, JIF 4.1);DARPin 在诊断中的罕见应用实例;等温检测无需温控设备,适合 POCT 场景。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

DARPin DS16 功能化的 DISCO-LAMP 平台实现 SARS-CoV-2 Spike 保守表位的 100 fM 级别等温检测,是 DARPin 在 POCT 诊断中的创新应用。

文献 18

英文题目:Bis-S-Glycosylation of Disulfides.

中文题目:二硫键的双-S-糖基化

作者:Xu Shiyang et al.

期刊:Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) : e7774464

发表时间:2026-07-24

PMID:42495895

DOI:10.1002/anie.7774464

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42495895/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 16.9)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 1521-3773 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:affibody

靶点:affibody-放射性核素偶联物中的二硫键

应用方向:放射性配体治疗、工程化/设计

1. 原文摘要

Carbohydrates play essential roles throughout biology, making them key targets in biological research and drug development. While multivalent presentation of carbohydrates is widely recognized as crucial for high-affinity target binding (the glycoside cluster effect), most existing methods focus on installing one glycosidic bond and lack robust strategies for attaching multiple carbohydrate units to a functional group. Here we report a mild, operationally simple protocol for the direct, stereoselective bis-S-glycosylation of dialkyl disulfide bonds in an open-flask aqueous solution. This transformation installs two unprotected glycosyl units onto disulfide bonds, affording fully unprotected S-linked glycopeptides. The reaction employs bench-stable, readily accessible glycosyl sulfinates as donors and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH) as oxidant, forging cysteine-glycosyl linkages via a radical pathway. Mixed disulfides derived from thiols partook in this reaction as well, allowing installation of one sugar unit onto peptide backbones. We applied this method to synthesize glycosylated peptides with liver-targeting capabilities and to generate sugar-linked affibody-radionuclide conjugates. DFT calculations informed the reaction design and rationalized the observed selectivity of this transformation.

2. 摘要中文翻译

碳水化合物在生物学中发挥重要作用,是生物学研究和药物开发的关键靶标。虽然多价糖展示被广泛认为是高亲和力靶标结合的关键(糖簇效应),但现有方法大多聚焦于安装单个糖苷键,缺乏将多个糖单元连接到功能基团的稳健策略。本研究报告了一种温和、操作简便的协议,用于在水溶液开口烧瓶中直接、立体选择性地对二烷基二硫键进行双-S-糖基化。该转化将两个未保护的糖基单元安装到二硫键上,获得完全未保护的 S-连接糖肽。反应采用 bench-stable、易获得的糖基亚磺酸酯作为供体,叔丁基过氧化氢(tBuOOH)作为氧化剂,通过自由基途径形成半胱氨酸-糖基连接。混合二硫键也参与该反应,允许在肽骨架上安装一个糖单元。我们将该方法应用于合成具有肝脏靶向能力的糖基化肽,以及生成糖连接的 affibody-放射性核素偶联物。DFT 计算为反应设计提供了信息并解释了观察到的选择性。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:二硫键双-S-糖基化化学方法及其在 affibody-放射性核素偶联物中的应用;
  • 支架类型:affibody(糖基化 affibody-放射性核素偶联物为应用案例);
  • 靶点/场景:affibody 的糖基化修饰(肝脏靶向);
  • 主要方法:糖基亚磺酸酯 + tBuOOH 自由基双-S-糖基化 → 糖基化肽和 affibody-核素偶联物合成 → DFT 计算;
  • 主要发现:温和条件下二硫键双糖基化;应用于肝脏靶向糖肽和 affibody-核素偶联物;
  • affibody 角色:作为糖基化-核素偶联的展示平台,验证化学方法的生物相容性;
  • 值得关注的原因:Angew Chem Int Ed(Q1, JIF 16.9);顶级化学期刊;为 affibody 等含二硫键支架的位点特异性糖基化提供新化学工具,对靶向放射性药物设计有启发。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

创新的二硫键双-S-糖基化化学方法成功应用于 affibody-放射性核素偶联物合成,为含二硫键蛋白支架的位点特异性糖基化修饰提供了新工具。

文献 19

英文题目:Nanobodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease exert dual antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects.

中文题目:靶向 SARS-CoV-2 木瓜样蛋白酶的纳米抗体发挥双重抗病毒和抗炎效应

作者:Liu Guolong et al.

期刊:Journal of virology : e0059926

发表时间:2026-08-28

PMID:42663461

DOI:10.1128/jvi.00599-26

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42663461/

期刊分区:Q2(2024 JIF = 3.8)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 1098-5514 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH

靶点:SARS-CoV-2 木瓜样蛋白酶(PLpro)

应用方向:感染性疾病(COVID-19)、细胞内靶向、免疫治疗、治疗应用

1. 原文摘要

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the rise of antiviral resistance necessitate the development of novel therapeutics targeting highly conserved viral proteins. The papain-like protease (PLpro) is a critical target due to its dual role in viral replication and immune evasion, particularly through the removal of ISG15 modifications from host proteins. However, nanobody-based strategies targeting PLpro for combined antiviral and anti-inflammatory purposes remain underdeveloped. This study reports the identification of two nanobodies, NbP1 and NbP2, that specifically disrupt the PLpro/ISG15 interaction interface. We characterized their binding specificity and affinity using yeast surface display and competitive fluorescence polarization assays. To ensure intracellular efficacy, the nanobodies were conjugated with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), resulting in significant inhibition of viral replication and the attenuation of inflammatory cytokine responses in both human colonic cells and a murine colitis model. Structural epitope mapping revealed that both nanobodies bind to key conserved residues within the PLpro/ISG15 and PLpro/ubiquitin interfaces. Our findings demonstrate that nanobodies targeting the PLpro/ISG15 interface can achieve synergistic antiviral and immunomodulatory effects, providing a proof-of-concept for a novel therapeutic approach to combat SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other emerging coronaviruses.IMPORTANCEThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide. Despite the emergence of antiviral drugs and vaccines targeting 3CLpro and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Rdrp), the virus's continuous mutation underscores the need for novel therapeutic approaches that target highly conserved viral regions. PLpro is an attractive target due to its roles in viral replication and host immune regulation. However, research on nanobodies targeting PLpro remains in its infancy. This study provides significant insights into the antiviral and anti-inflammatory functions of two nanobodies, NbP1 and NbP2, which specifically disrupt the PLpro/ISG15 interaction interface. Our findings have important implications for drug development targeting SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the potential of nanobody-based therapeutics to simultaneously inhibit viral replication and suppress pathological inflammation.

2. 摘要中文翻译

SARS-CoV-2 变异株的出现和抗病毒耐药性的上升 necessitate 开发靶向高度保守病毒蛋白的新型治疗药物。木瓜样蛋白酶(PLpro)因其在病毒复制和免疫逃逸中的双重作用而成为关键靶标,特别是通过去除宿主蛋白的 ISG15 修饰。然而,靶向 PLpro 以实现联合抗病毒和抗炎目的的纳米抗体策略仍发展不足。本研究报告了两种纳米抗体 NbP1 和 NbP2 的鉴定,它们特异性破坏 PLpro/ISG15 相互作用界面。我们使用酵母表面展示和竞争性荧光偏振检测表征了它们的结合特异性和亲和力。为确保细胞内疗效,纳米抗体与细胞穿透肽(CPP)偶联,在人结肠细胞和鼠结肠炎模型中显著抑制病毒复制并减弱炎症细胞因子反应。结构表位定位揭示两种纳米抗体均结合 PLpro/ISG15 和 PLpro/泛素界面内的关键保守残基。我们的发现证明靶向 PLpro/ISG15 界面的纳米抗体可实现协同抗病毒和免疫调节效应,为对抗 SARS-CoV-2 及潜在其他新兴冠状病毒的新型治疗方法提供了概念验证。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 研究对象:抗 SARS-CoV-2 PLpro 纳米抗体 NbP1/NbP2(CPP 偶联胞内递送);
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH(酵母表面展示来源,CPP 偶联实现胞内靶向);
  • 靶点/场景:PLpro/ISG15 界面;COVID-19;
  • 主要方法:酵母表面展示筛选 → 竞争性荧光偏振亲和力 → CPP 偶联 → 体外抗病毒/抗炎 → 鼠结肠炎模型;
  • 主要发现:NbP1/NbP2 破坏 PLpro/ISG15 界面;CPP 偶联实现胞内递送;协同抗病毒和抗炎;结合保守残基;
  • 双重机制:抗病毒(抑制 PLpro 酶活性)+ 抗炎(阻断 ISG15 去修饰,恢复宿主免疫);
  • 值得关注的原因:J Virol(Q2, JIF 3.8);PLpro 是高度保守的冠状病毒靶标,耐药屏障高;CPP-纳米抗体胞内递送策略对任何胞内靶标均有参考价值。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

CPP 偶联的抗 PLpro 纳米抗体 NbP1/NbP2 同时实现抗病毒和抗炎双重效应,靶向高度保守的冠状病毒 PLpro/ISG15 界面,是广谱抗冠状病毒的有前景策略。

文献 20

英文题目:Structural Foundation of CTLA-4 antibodies: Emerging Platforms for Next-generation Cancer Immunotherapy.

中文题目:CTLA-4 抗体的结构基础:下一代癌症免疫治疗的新兴平台

作者:Leta Enat Mengistu et al.

期刊:International immunopharmacology : 117405

发表时间:2026-09-17

PMID:42753325

DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2026.117405

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42753325/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 4.7)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 1878-1705 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH, DARPin

靶点:CTLA-4(细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞相关蛋白 4)

应用方向:肿瘤治疗、免疫治疗、双/多特异、工程化/设计

1. 原文摘要

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is a critical immune checkpoint receptor that restrains T-cell activation and maintains peripheral tolerance by outcompeting CD28 for shared B7 ligands on antigen-presenting cells (APC). Dysregulation of CTLA-4 signaling is implicated in autoimmune pathologies, lymphoproliferative disorders, and tumor immune evasion, underscoring its broad therapeutic relevance. As the first checkpoint target validated in cancer immunotherapy, CTLA-4 has been extensively characterized at the structural level. High-resolution crystallographic studies have revealed how its extracellular IgV-like domain, MYPPPY ligand-binding motif, and cytoplasmic trafficking machinery collectively encode inhibitory function. Therapeutic antibodies targeting CTLA-4, including the FDA-approved agents ipilimumab and tremelimumab, achieve checkpoint blockade through steric occlusion of the B7-binding interface, inhibition of transendocytosis, and Fc-mediated regulatory T-cell depletion. Despite shared mechanisms, these agents differ markedly in effector function and toxicity profile. Other antibodies, including JS007, have entered clinical evaluation, while structurally characterized agents such as mipi.4 and KN044 provide preclinical and translational insights. Emerging engineering strategies, Fc-optimized variants, tumor-activated prodrug formats, bispecific antibodies, and alternative scaffolds such as nanobodies and DARPins are now translating these structural insights into next-generation therapeutics with improved selectivity and reduced immune-related adverse events. By connecting atomic-level receptor recognition to clinical outcome, this review provides a mechanistic foundation for the rational design of next-generation CTLA-4 therapeutics with improved efficacy and reduced immune-related toxicity.

2. 摘要中文翻译

细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞相关蛋白 4(CTLA-4)是一种关键的免疫检查点受体,通过与抗原呈递细胞上共享的 B7 配体竞争 CD28 来抑制 T 细胞激活并维持外周耐受。CTLA-4 信号失调与自身免疫病理、淋巴增殖性疾病和肿瘤免疫逃逸相关,凸显其广泛的治疗相关性。作为癌症免疫治疗中首个验证的检查点靶标,CTLA-4 已在结构水平上得到广泛表征。高分辨率晶体学研究揭示了其胞外 IgV 样结构域、MYPPPY 配体结合基序和胞质转运机制如何共同编码抑制功能。靶向 CTLA-4 的治疗抗体(包括获批药物 ipilimumab 和 tremelimumab)通过空间位阻阻断 B7 结合界面、抑制跨内吞和 Fc 介导的调节性 T 细胞耗竭来实现检查点阻断。尽管机制共享,这些药物在效应功能和毒性特征上差异显著。其他抗体(包括 JS007)已进入临床评估,而结构表征的试剂如 mipi.4 和 KN044 提供了临床前和转化见解。新兴的工程策略、Fc 优化变体、肿瘤激活前药格式、双特异性抗体以及纳米抗体和 DARPins 等替代支架正将这些结构见解转化为具有改善选择性和降低免疫相关不良事件的下一代治疗药物。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 文章性质:综述(Review),非原始研究;
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH、DARPin(作为 CTLA-4 靶向的新兴替代支架被讨论);
  • 核心内容:系统综述 CTLA-4 的结构生物学、抗体作用机制及下一代工程策略;
  • 纳米体/DARPin 相关内容:作为替代传统抗体的下一代支架被纳入讨论,强调其改善选择性和降低 irAE 的潜力;
  • 纳入理由:虽为综述,但发表于 Int Immunopharmacol(Q1, JIF 4.7)且系统涵盖纳米体/DARPin 等替代支架在 CTLA-4 靶向中的前景,对领域方向判断有参考价值;按规则降级为 C 级。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

CTLA-4 靶向综述系统涵盖纳米抗体和 DARPin 等替代支架作为下一代免疫治疗平台的潜力,是领域方向判断的参考性文献。

文献 21

英文题目:Solid-state nanopore and nanochannel platforms for biomarker detection in disease diagnosis: recent advances and perspectives.

中文题目:固态纳米孔和纳米通道平台用于疾病诊断中的生物标志物检测:最新进展与展望

作者:Liu Xinyi et al.

期刊:Nanoscale

发表时间:2026-09-16

PMID:42745640

DOI:10.1039/d6nr02502a

PubMed 链接:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42745640/

期刊分区:Q1(2024 JIF = 5.1)

分区核验来源:数据来自 2025 年(2024 JIF,Clarivate JCR)高质量杂志参考目录,ISSN 2040-3372 / eISSN — 精确匹配

OA 状态:非 OA(PubMed 无 PMC 全文标记,未进行全文分析)

支架类型:nanobody/VHH

靶点:多种疾病生物标志物(纳米孔检测中的识别元件)

应用方向:诊断/成像、工程化/设计

1. 原文摘要

Solid-state nanopore and nanochannel platforms are versatile label-free biosensors that convert biomolecular transport or binding into ionic current signals. This review organizes recent disease-diagnostic applications around a central design chain. Biomarker properties, including size, charge, conformation, abundance, and sample-matrix context, determine whether direct measurement, a molecular-recognition interface, signal amplification, or structural signal translation is required. The selected configuration then shapes the resulting signal characteristics and influences key analytical and translational parameters, including sensitivity, selectivity, dynamic range, throughput, and clinical applicability. Representative advances for protein, nucleic acid, and pathogen biomarkers in cancer, neurological disease, endocrine dysfunction, and communicable disease are critically assessed, including antibody/nanobody and aptamer interfaces, DNA nanostructures, nucleic acid amplification, electro-optical readouts, and machine-learning-assisted analysis. We further identify recurring trade-offs among analytical performance, assay time, matrix tolerance, quantitative robustness, and operational simplicity. Finally, challenges in biofouling, device reproducibility, throughput, standardization, and clinical validation are discussed together with opportunities in integrated materials, data-driven analysis, and portable systems. This framework provides practical design principles for next-generation nanopore and nanochannel diagnostic platforms.

2. 摘要中文翻译

固态纳米孔和纳米通道平台是将生物分子转运或结合转化为离子电流信号的多功能无标记生物传感器。本综述围绕中心设计链组织近期疾病诊断应用。生物标志物特性(包括大小、电荷、构象、丰度和样本基质背景)决定是否需要直接测量、分子识别界面、信号放大或结构信号转换。所选构型然后塑造所得信号特征并影响关键分析和转化参数,包括灵敏度、选择性、动态范围、通量和临床适用性。对癌症、神经疾病、内分泌功能障碍和传染病中蛋白、核酸和病原体生物标志物的代表性进展进行了批判性评估,包括抗体/纳米抗体和适配体界面、DNA 纳米结构、核酸扩增、光电读出和机器学习辅助分析。我们进一步识别了分析性能、检测时间、基质耐受性、定量稳健性和操作简便性之间的反复权衡。最后,讨论了生物污染、器件可重复性、通量、标准化和临床验证方面的挑战,以及集成材料、数据驱动分析和便携系统方面的机遇。

3. 摘要层面解读

  • 文章性质:综述(Review),非原始研究;
  • 支架类型:nanobody/VHH(作为纳米孔识别界面选项之一被讨论);
  • 核心内容:固态纳米孔/纳米通道诊断平台的系统综述;
  • 纳米体相关内容:纳米抗体作为分子识别界面的选项之一,与抗体、适配体并列;
  • 纳入理由:Nanoscale(Q1, JIF 5.1);虽为综述且纳米体非主线,但涵盖纳米体在固态纳米孔诊断中的应用前景;按规则降级为 C 级。

4. 全文精读分析

未进行全文分析,原因:非 OA / 无法合法访问全文。

5. 一句话评价

固态纳米孔诊断平台综述涵盖纳米抗体作为识别界面的应用前景,是纳米体在新兴传感技术中潜在价值的方向性参考。

三、本周重点趋势总结

1. 纳米抗体在基因治疗和细胞治疗载体靶向中的突破性应用。 本周多篇 A 级文献集中展示纳米抗体作为靶向配体整合入病毒/非病毒递送系统的策略:CD7-Nb 融合的 AAV6/9 嵌合衣壳实现 T/NK 细胞高效转导(PMID 42750127),CD4-Nb 点击化学功能化 LNP 达到非活化 T 细胞 48% 转染率(PMID 42764379),自分泌抗 PD-1 Nb 的 TCRm CAR-T 克服实体瘤 TME 抑制(PMID 42745268)。纳米抗体正从"治疗分子"演变为"递送平台靶向模块",其小尺寸和高特异性使其成为精准基因/细胞治疗的理想配体。

2. 感染性疾病领域纳米抗体开发持续活跃。 本周收录 4 篇感染方向 A 级文献:抗 RSV pre-F VHH-Fc 融合蛋白 Hu3F5(PMID 42747429)、广谱抗流感 NA 纳米抗体 F4-Fc(PMID 42671552)、抗 SARS-CoV-2 PLpro 胞内纳米抗体(PMID 42663461)、抗 MSRV 水产抗病毒纳米颗粒(PMID 42767286)。覆盖病毒类型从呼吸道病毒到水产病毒,应用场景从预防到治疗,展示纳米抗体在抗感染领域的广谱适应性和快速开发优势。

3. 纳米抗体作为分子工具和诊断探针的创意应用。 除治疗应用外,本周文献展示纳米抗体在超分辨成像(PMID 42715046,JF635b 自闪烁染料)、GPCR 固定化亲和色谱(PMID 42748893,NbALFA-Halo 双向接头)、单 EV 多重蛋白分析(PMID 42770557)等工具化场景的创新应用。纳米抗体正从"药物"向"通用分子工具"扩展,其小尺寸和模块化特性使其成为生物工程的基础设施级组件。

4. AI 和计算方法学在纳米抗体工程中的渗透加深。 本周收录 2 篇方法学 B 级文献:ESM-2+SAE 解释纳米抗体热稳定性预测(PMID 42765333)和聚类感知 ML 预测 VHH 多反应性(PMID 42749679)。两者共同指向一个趋势——纳米抗体开发正从经验驱动向数据驱动转变,AI 可解释性和可靠验证框架是这一转变的关键支撑。

5. 替代支架(affibody、DARPin)的差异化应用。 本周 affibody 在糖化学修饰(Angew Chem Int Ed,PMID 42495895)和 DARPin 在等温诊断检测(Sens Diagn,PMID 42524368)中的应用,展示非纳米抗体类小支架在特定场景的独特价值。affibody 的无二硫键结构和 DARPin 的高热稳定性使其分别适用于化学修饰和 POCT 等苛刻条件。

四、待核验或排除文献

待核验文献(期刊分区未确认)

  • PMID 42604150 — Simultaneous targeting of IL-10 and PD-(L)1 pathways with a bispecific anti-PD-L1/IL-10-trap antibody enhances T cell responses.(Mol Ther Oncol)
  • PMID 42754172 — Isolation, native purification of RGD motif binding integrins from LFBK cells and evaluation of its potential to capture foot and mouth disease virus in the ELISA to titrate serum antibodies against capsid proteins.(J Virol Methods)
  • PMID 42750332 — [Research progress and application status of nanobody-drug conjugate (NDC) in cancer treatment].(Chinese journal)

排除文献(假阳性/主题不符)

  • PMID 42761559 — FNDC5-overexpressed BMSCs attenuated brachial plexus root avulsion by enhancing BMSCs survival and i...

五、质量检查与说明

  1. 真实性核验:所有纳入文献的英文标题、摘要均 verbatim 取自 PubMed EFetch API 返回的原始文本,未进行改写或扩充。中文翻译为基于原文的忠实翻译。
  2. 期刊分区核验:所有高质量文献的分区信息均来自 2025 年(2024 JIF)高质量杂志参考目录的 ISSN/eISSN 精确匹配,未凭刊名猜测。
  3. OA 状态:OA 状态基于 PubMed 返回的 PMC ID 字段判定。有 PMC ID 者标记为 OA,无 PMC ID 者标记为非 OA。非 OA 文献仅基于摘要进行解读,未进行全文分析。
  4. 推荐等级:A 级 = 高质量期刊(Q1/Q2)+ 支架为核心研究对象 + 有明确方法学或转化价值;B 级 = 满足纳入标准但创新性或影响力略逊;C 级 = 综述或纳米体/支架为非主线但仍有参考价值。
  5. 覆盖完整性:本期检索覆盖 2026/09/16–2026/09/23 期间 PubMed 收录的纳米抗体/小型蛋白支架相关文献,与上期(2026-09-16)零重叠。

报告生成时间:2026-09-23**自动化工作流:PubMed ESearch/EFetch → 语义过滤 → 期刊分区核验 → 人工内容填充 → Markdown 组装